Before Exam Flashcards
(33 cards)
What kind of innovation was the containerization?
Systemic since many actors in the international shipping system had to adapt to a new standard. Not only one actor could change the whole world trade practices.
Why is a systemic innovation hard to implement?
Many parties, shippers, liners, rail operators, truckers, port authorities, governments etc need to adapt.
What is the main focus of Supply Chain Management?
Management of flows between and among supply chain stages to maximize profitability.
What is the difference between a efficient and a responsive supply chain?
An efficient tends to be cost efficient in handling the same order volumes and similar products. Time to market is fast and probably cheaper because lesser flows of information traveling back and forth.
A responsive is good to answer to market demand and can easy adjust volumes and likewise. Suitable when demand is uncertain and volatile. Often a more costly SC than efficient because of the larger amount of info used to deliver the products.
For what kind of products is the efficient supply chain useful according to Fisher?
Functional products, meaning everyday products such as foods, and other products that has a stable demand.
The responsive supply chain is good for these kinds of products…
Innovative Products, meaning that they are more special and it’s hard to see a stable demand.
According to Lee, 2002. What SC is good for a low demand uncertainty and low supply uncertainty?
Lean SC
According to Lee, 2002. What SC fits for high demand uncertainty and low supply uncertainty?
Responsive SC
According to Lee, 2002. What suits a both high demand and supply uncertainty?
Agile SC
According to Lee, 2002. What SC suits low demand uncertainty and high supply uncertainty
Risk-Hedging SC
What is a Push-Pull SC
It is a mixed SC where suppliers push to the company. After this at a certain point there is a push-pull boundary where the customer at her end pulls the products from the markets side. Beneficial when supplies has low uncertainty and customer demand is of high uncertainty.
What is the Bullwhip effect?
Order variability is amplifies up the supply chain, upstream echelons face higher variability.
The increase in variability is called the bullwhip effect
What you see is not what you face
Explain the EOQ formula.
sqrt((2(annual demandcost per order))/annual holding cost per unit)
What is a closed loop supply chain?
It’s a supply chain where direct and reverse flows form loops for utilization of reuse of materials left over. This gives the opportunity for reuse and reprocessing.
What are the drivers for Supply Chain Innovation?
- Population growth and demographics
- The new consumer (demand for organic, env friendly etc)
- Urbanization
- Mobility in the 21st century (infrastructure lags, new tech )
- Digital Culture
- Ubiquitous intelligence (IoT, cloud computing)
- Resource scarcity
- Climate change
What is an open innovation
Is the use of purposive inflows and outflows of knowledge to accelerate and expand the markets for external use of innovation respectively.
Closed innovation
Based upon the view that innovations are developed by companies themselves. From the generation of ideas to development and marketing, the innovation process takes place exclusively within the company.
What is a lead user?
They are the leading edge of an important market trend, and so are currently experiencing needs that will later be experienced by many users in that market.
They anticipate relatively high benefits from obtaining a solution to their needs, and so may innovate.
- Lead users are innovating users.
- The higher the intensity of lead user characteristics displayed by an innovator, the greater the commercial potential of the innovation that the lead user develops.
- Many of the innovations have actually been commercialized by manufacturers
Describe what a disruptive innovation is.
A disruptive innovation replaces existing products through serving overlooked customers that may not need all the features of the current product solution. Often it tends to be a low cost alternative to fulfill the customers needs. The customer base usually is looked upon as unprofitable by the previous companies. This could be a threat to already established firms that are ignorant towards one customer segment.
What are potential reactions for a company that is facing competition with disruptive technologies.
- Adopt a disruptive technology and fina a way to use it immediately
- Focus on the existing business and invest there
- Wait and see
- Counter attack – attacking a disruption
Explain what the Abernathy-Utterback model tries to explain
Fluid Phase: In the early stages, industries are characterized by a high degree of uncertainty and technological turbulence. During this phase, firms experiment with various designs and technologies, leading to a wide variety of product architectures and a lack of standardization. Competing designs coexist, and firms focus on process innovation to enhance flexibility and responsiveness.
Transitional Phase: As the industry matures, a dominant design emerges and becomes widely adopted. Standardization increases, and firms shift their focus from process innovation to incremental improvements on the established design. Competition primarily revolves around cost reduction and efficiency gains.
What are the key perspectives of a Process
Control flow perspective
Data perspective
Resource perspective
What is BPMN and why is it useful?
The Business Process model notation is a standardized framework for modeling flows.
It is useful because you can enhance clarity and understanding of the process. Process analysis and improvements can be done through this. Also beneficial for automation, integration, collaboration, alignment and also standardization.
Describe what a gateway in BPMN is
It is where you are facing a question; such as: Do we have parts in inventory? y/n.
Depending on the answer, different operations needs to be undertaken.
