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Medical Law and Ethics > Beginning of Life > Flashcards

Beginning of Life Flashcards

1
Q

What is one problem with the rigorous background tests for fertility treatment?

A

Only those who are unable to conceive are under this scrutiny on whether they should be allowed to be parents or not

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2
Q

What is one piece of legislation which considers the welfare of a potential child in fertility treatment?

A

Human Fertilisation Embryology Act 1990 (updated 2008)

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3
Q

What are some techniques for assisted reproduction?

A 
Artificial insemination
In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF)
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
Pre-implantation genetic testing
Gamete donation
Embryo donation
Surrogacy
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4
Q

What is surrogacy?

A

Someone carries a pregnancy to term for the parents

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5
Q

What are the aims of assisted reproduction?

A

Treatment of infertility

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6
Q

What is absolute infertility?

A

Completely infertile

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7
Q

What is relative infertility?

A

More infertile than some/most of the population

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8
Q

What are some potential considerations in screening IVF babies?

A 
Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis
Screening for delayed onset conditions
Sex selection 
Seeking disability like deafness and achondroplasia
Saviour siblings
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9
Q

What are some ethical problems with sex selection?

A

Has been used to select male embryos
Undermines the status of women
Can lead to gender imbalance
Against the principle of unconditional parental love

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10
Q

What is a benefit of sex selection?

A

Can be used for family balancing

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11
Q

What is social egg freezing?

A

Distinct from egg freezing for medical reasons

Combats a reduction in ovarian reserve with age

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12
Q

What are some ethical questions surrounding social egg freezing?

A

Maybe not an actual medical need

Not available on public healthcare

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13
Q

When does life begin according to the Human Fertilisation Embryology Act (1990)?

A

14 days after fertilisation

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14
Q

What are some arguments for abortion?

A

Acknowledges sexual and reproductive rights of women
Unwanted pregnancy can harm physical and mental health
Unwanted children do not thrive
Safe abortions save lives globally
A potential human is not a child

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15
Q

What are some arguments against abortion?

A

Denial rights for an embryo/fetus
Eliminates the potential for life
Contraception is already available

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16
Q

What does the triple test include?

A

AFP
Estrio
Beta hCG

17
Q

What is the age of viability in the UK?

A

24 weeks

18
Q

What is an important issue facing physicians in extreme prematurity?

A

How likely is the embryo to survive?

Who should decide if resuscitation is carried out?

Medical Law and Ethics (11 decks)

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