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History sec 5 > Beginnings of War and Rise of Fascism > Flashcards

Beginnings of War and Rise of Fascism Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the 2 major anti democratic movements in Europe?

A

Communism and Fascism

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2
Q

Describe Italy’s economic problems

A
  • Hight dept do to the war (12 billion $)
    -Inflation (money dropped prices rose)
  • High unemployment
    -Starvation
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3
Q

Why is Italy upset about the treaty of Versailles

A

-600,000 Italian soldiers died in WW1 \
- Left out of the treaty bc Great Britain promised land in the alps

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4
Q

What are Italy’s political problems?

A
  • Many political partys + coalitions = instability
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5
Q

How is Italy introduced to fascism?

A

Due to the issues new groups emerge such as fascism, lead by Benito Mussolini (Il Duce)

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6
Q

What is fascism?

A

A political or social ideology of the extreme right based on a religious- like attitude and which relies on the brutal use of force for getting and keeping power

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7
Q

What are some elements of fascism?

A

-Nationalistic
-Leader with absolute power (Dictator)
-Faith (Fascism is your religion)
-Use of violence
-Imperialist
-Anti- communist
-Anti-democratic

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8
Q

What is extreme left wing?

A

communism

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9
Q

What is extreme right wing?

A

Fascism

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10
Q

Who are the black shirts and what do they do?

A

-They are a parlementary organization funded by Mussolini in 1919
- Armed with black jacks (baton covered in leather) and castor oil (laxative)
-Burned left wing newspaper and union offices., broke up strikes, fought opponents in the street
-Forced socialists out of local government councils

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11
Q

Who does Mussolini blame for Italy’s issues?

A

He blames socialists, communist and union leaders and democracy

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12
Q

Why does fascism grow in Italy

A

Mussolini promised to restore order and greatness to Italy
Working class, veterans, industrialists, and wealthy landowners

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13
Q

How does Mussolini come to power?

A

In 1922 he organized a march to seize Rome but the King asked Mussolini to be priminister of a coalition government.
He comes to power through constitutional means

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14
Q

How do the Fascists win the vote

A

In 1924 fascists win 65% of the election Through intimidation and violence

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15
Q

When does Italy become a dictatorship?

A

Rule by decree in 1926

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16
Q

With Mussolini as dictator how do things change?

A
  • He controls the police
  • Strikes are made illegal
  • Newpapers and books censored
  • Education controlled and all textbooks rewritten
    -Secret police force (OVRA) set up camps for Mussolini opponents
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17
Q

With Mussolini in charge what are the roles of boys and girls achieved by propaganda

A

-Boys become soldiers (Balilla which trains kids to be good fascists)
-Girls encouraged to stay home and have large family’s

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18
Q

Name 3 examples of fascist propaganda

A
  1. Mussolini picture would be hanging in every home
  2. Cult of personality
  3. Idealized in movies, radio, posters, rallied and education
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19
Q

What are Mussolini 3 polices

A

Battle for Grain: Focused on grain production to make itself self sufficient with food

Battle for land: Old farm land reclaimed and is cultivated again

Battle for Births: Battled encouraged to have more children

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20
Q

In 1929 what did Mussolini arrange with the Pope?

A

The pope accepted the fascists and in return Mussolini agreed to have catholic religion taught in every school and to pay the priest salaries and set up the Vatican City in Rome

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21
Q

In 1935 what does Mussolini do to avoid attention from economic problems

A

He attacks Ethiopia and the League Of Nations just implements limited economic sanctions on Italy

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22
Q

What are positive reactions to Mussolini?

A

-Order and discipline after political instability
-Economic recovery: Industrial production increases, Wheat imports reduced by 3/4
-Ties to the Catholic Church

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23
Q

Negative Reaction to Mussolini?

A

-Agricultural changes hurt Italy he gave up unsuccessful plans easily
-His plans to make Italy self suffiencent made things more $$$
-Reaction was passive not enthusiastic

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24
Q

How is Germany after WW1?

A

-1920s depression was difficult
-Had to pay many reparations
-Hyperinflation
-1932: Unemployment rate in Germany 37% (use money as fire wood)

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25
What were Germanys post war political problems?
- New gov called Weimar that signed the Treaty of Versailles so they felt this gov stabbed Germ,any in the back
26
Who is the Der Fuhrer
Adolf Hitler
27
What where Hitlers goals?
His ideas where made clear in his book “My struggles”, he wanted to bring imperial power and control for all Germanic people and bring them together to organize the Reich( Empire) Dominance of Aryan race
28
Why does Hitler want Britain to join them
Because he likes them and believes Aryans are like Britains
29
What are auto bonds
Hitler built highways
30
Why does Hitler gain support with his Nazis
-Had economic plan -Had social vison -Promised to clean up capitalist problems and destroy communism -Nazi’s provide outlet for peoples bitterness
31
Hitler came to power democratic in what year
January 1933 he was named Chancellor and 1932 he went through 42% in the socialist party
32
What happened in March 1933
Hitler ruled uncontested and had power to make all laws by the enabling act
33
How was Hitler the dictator and was he due?
Hitler abolishes all political parties, except the Nazis He combines his opposites of president and chancellor when Hindenburg dies in 1934 Germany army has to wear personal allegiance to Hitler The SA became a national parliamentary organization
34
What are the gestapo?
Secret police who concentrate camps and set up for undesirables and anyone can be a rat, arrested without charges and imprisoned without a trial
35
What is the night of the long knives?
Hitler Hitler has his rivals murdered. The leaders of the essay were killed because Hitler was told they were planning to seize power others who oppose Hitler were also kid including some non-Nazis the SS Hitler’s elite bodyguard or the perpetrators
36
What is the reaction to Hitler
_ Unemployment drops from 37% to almost 0 -Maximize his exports Limits imports -fixing capitalism without turning to Communism -Ignoring treaty of Versailles
37
What is the Italy Germany rapproachment?
Mussolini was an inspiration to Adolf Hitler by 1935. Mussolini became more under the influence. Many Italians were not happy about this when Mussolini tries to persecute Jewish Italians. Most Italians refuse Mussolini’s popularity declines in the 1930s.
38
What’s the pact of steel?
Signed by Hitler and Mussolini links two countries, politically and military there’s mutual assistance in the event of a war joint propaganda efforts and neither would agree to peace terms without consent of the other. This was late for war.
39
What is appeasement?
Giving into an aggressor to avoid war
40
What were the plans of expansion?
-Step one take over territories with ethnic Germans(countries around Germany) -step to expand eastward into the USSR -to succeed, he needs to re-arm, Germany prescription begun arms production increases Air Force Founded
41
What does Germany do in March 1936
Germany ignores the treaty and they take the Rhineland and that’s the land that borders France. This is in 1936.
42
Describe the Annexation of Austria: Anschluss
1938 Hitler threatens Austria for a pro nazi chancellor to be named In march 13th 1938 they Annex Austria and Ger and Austria are unified (Conscription law broken)
43
How does GB react to Sudetenland Crisis?
GB and France want to avoid war so they meet with Hitler
44
The Munich Conference explain
Ger, Italy, France, agree to Hitlers demands on sept 30th 1938 and sign over Sudetenland to Ger (appeasement)
45
What was British PM Neville Chamberlins reaction to getting apppeasment
He was buying time to rebuild his army by saying trust Hitler so he wont suspect chamberlain (and he felt the treaty of Versailles was unfair to Ger)
46
What was Winston Churchill reaction (PM of England)
Anti appeasement and very anti Hitler
47
When is conscription introduced?
1935
48
When does Ger stop paying retribution
1933
49
What did the League of NAtions do?
They did nothing but say STOP, Since the US congress never agreed to signing the treaty of Versailles in 1919 US never joins the L of N and leaves them weak.
50
What was the Poland Crisis
After promising not to Hitler takes over Czechoslovakia in 1939 SO Britain and France lost trust in Hitler and than breach out to Poland and give them their support in case of a German invasion
51
What happens with the USSR
Britain and France (capitalist democracy’s) try to make an alliance with USSR but so did Germany and avoid encirclement by Br and Fr USSR USSR sides with Germany for the most security (Thinks Br and Fr are weak for being cap, dem.)
52
When was the Nazi Soviet non-aggression pack signed
August 1939 USSR in Germany agreed to stay neutral if either of them engagement or their secret agreement Is to split Poland Western powers are concerned because I don’t trust Hitler or Stalin and now Hitler will not be fighting on two fronts just One
53
Describe the invasion of Poland
Germany invades on September 1, 1939 Britain France declare war on Germany September 3 Canada declares war on September 8
54
How many weeks does it take for Poland to collapse?
Three weeks
55
What is the reaction to the war?
September 1939, Germany, USSR, Britain, France, Poland, are officially at war No one is excited because memories of world war one is still too fresh Winston Churchill is appointed first Lord of the Ad morality in charge of the British Navy
56
How does Poland fall?
German blitzkrieg too much for Polish defences Polish army of 600,000 outnumbered by 1 million German soldiers The USSR and Germany split Poland The SS sweeps into execute Polish army officers, aristocrats clergy, and intellectuals to make sure the Polish have no one to look up too
57
what is the phoney war?
After pulling falls, western powers wait for Germany to make the next move allies focus on defensive strategy Bad weather forces Hitler to postpone attack on France and World War II seems to be on hold
58
Who was the SS
They where an elite guard of the Nazi Regime who where founded in 1925
59
What did the SA stand for?
Strumbalitulung to protect the Nazi leaders
60
When was the Night of the long knives?
June 30th 1934
61
When was the pact of steel
on May 22, 1939

History sec 5 (2 decks)

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