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Introduction To Veterinary Technology > Behavior > Flashcards

Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

His theories laid the foundation for classical ethology

A

Charles Darwin

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2
Q

The science of animal behavior

A

Ethology

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3
Q

Evolution

A

Slow change and development that gradually leads to new species

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4
Q

Species

A

Group of similar living organisms that can exchange genes and produce young

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5
Q

Instinct

A

Combination of innate responses characteristic of a species

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6
Q

Natural selection

A

Process that awards survival and reproductive success to individuals and groups best adjusted to their environment

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7
Q

Classical ethology

A

Belief that much of what animals know is instinctive

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8
Q

Pavlov’s role in study of animal behavior

A

Questioned the role of instinct, his experiments with dogs and learned association helped found the school of animal psychology

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9
Q

Involuntary (or unconditioned) response

A

A simple reflex behavior

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10
Q

Unconditioned stimulus

A

Stimulus that produces a response that is not taught

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11
Q

Behaviorism

A

Theory that behavior is learned rather than genetically programmed and that animals are born essentially blank slates

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12
Q

Role of John B Watson in animal behavior

A

Proposed an approach to psychology based on objective laboratory procedures, formulated the stimulus-response theory

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13
Q

Stimulus-response theory

A

All complex forms of behavior, including emotions, thoughts and habits are complex muscular and glandular responses that can be observed and measured

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14
Q

Stimulus responses

A

Muscular and glandular responses that can be observed and measured

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15
Q

Behaviorists categories of conditioned learning

A
  • classical conditioning
  • operant conditioning
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16
Q

Classical conditioning

A

Associating stimuli happening at approximately the same time or roughly the same area

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17
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Association of activity with punishment or reward

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18
Q

BF Skinner’s role in study of animal behavior

A

Experiment on operant conditioning with caged rats, rats learned they would be rewarded when touching specific bars of the cage

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19
Q

Trial-and-error learning

A

Instrumental learning

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20
Q

What is sociobiology and what does it assert?

A

Study of biological basis of social behavior, asserts that complex social patterns follow natural selection

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21
Q

Stereotypical or predictable behaviors

A

Fixed action patterns

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22
Q

An animals natural and inherent ability to performs tasks, genetically coded responses to environmental stimuli

A

Instinct

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23
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

Immediate pleasant occurrence that follows a wanted behavior

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24
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

Removal of any immediate unpleasant occurrence to increase desired behavior

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25
Positive punishment
Adding undesirable occurrence to decrease a behavior
26
Negative punishment
Removing a desirable occurrence to decrease a behavior
27
Can result from inappropriate use of punishment
Aggression
28
Age of socialization period in cats and dogs
Dogs: 4-14 wk Cats: 2-8 wk
29
Pain punishment and adverse attention can cause permanent psychological damage during this phase
The fear period
30
Age of fear period
8-10 wk and 6-14 months in dogs
31
Role of Lorenz in study of animal behavior
Lorenz discovered imprinting, a process in which a young animal follows its parent or other object due to auditory or visual cues
32
Sensitive period
2-3rd to 12th week after birth, cats and dogs learn to adapt to humans and other animals they encounter
33
Animal can become fearful if not properly introduced to their own and other species during this phase
Socialization period
34
Can help reduce risk of some types of hormone driven aggression.
Castration
35
Can help with human imprinting of small animals
Hand-feeding
36
May be linked to development of separation anxiety
- Extended periods away from an owner - coming from an animal shelter
37
Symptoms of separation anxiety
Manifest only when owner is away - excessive vocalization - destructive behavior - inappropriate elimination - anorexia - hyperactivity or inactivity - panting - hypersalivation - vomiting - diarrhea
38
Conflict-related aggression
Occurs when a dog is exposed to an uncomfortable or uncertain stimulus. Arises from an inconsistent or unpredictable environment. Common in households with punishment-based training methods.
39
Fear-induced aggression
Occurs when animal is in a situation it can’t escape and perceives as threatening. Can be due to loud noises, children or specific individuals. Withdrawing from a pet exhibiting fear aggression reinforces the behavior.
40
Predatory aggression
This type of aggression doesn’t come with a warning. Animal usually stalks its prey before pouncing..
41
Pain-induced aggression
Protective instinct to bite if pain is inflicted. Problems with aggression can continue after painful stimulus is gone.
42
Inter-male aggression
Testosterone-driven instinct that is nearly eliminated by castration. Behavioral medication may be recommended when castration doesn’t eliminate the problem
43
Territorial aggression
Dogs tend to be aggressive toward humans who aren’t members of their household while cats tend to be aggressive toward other cats in their perceived territory.
44
Maternal aggression
Can occur post-parturition to protect young from danger
45
At this age, males can begin to spray to mark their territory and call attention to themselves. Females may also spray.
During sexual maturity at 7 or 8 months
46
Reasons a bird may bite
Fear, excitement, aggression
47
Birds can be persistently aggressive and unsuitable as pets for this reason
Birds imprint at a very early age so it is very hard to remedy aggression due to poor socialization or abuse by humans
48
Best approach to handling rodents
Form a scoop with both hands underneath the animal, making sure it is fully awake
49
These rodents will usually fight to the death after reaching sexual maturity
Hamsters
50
These rodents can be affectionate towards one another but it’s almost impossible to reconcile one they’ve reached a tight-ball stage.
Gerbils
51
These rodents can usually live together in colonies but have a high breeding rate and are best separated by sex
Mice
52
Most critical element of behavior modification
Reward (edible or vocal)
53
How long should initial behavior modification classes last.
No more than 5 minutes
54
What does clapping or a loud whistle do in terms of modifying behavior
Associates the physical sensations of a racing heart and burst of adrenaline with a behavior. Must be immediate and best accompanied with “no”
55
Best method of behavioral intervention for birds
Environmental modification
56
Proper response to a bird clamping down too roughly when exploring
A simple “Ouch” as shouting may startle it and pulling away may reward the bird by giving it a sense of power over human handler
57
Wobble
One of the best ways to correct a bird’s biting habit. Dropping the hand a few inches immediately after biting so the bird associates the biting with the feeling of disorientation
58
Best way to deal with behavioral concerns in rodents
It’s best to consult a board-certified exotic veterinary specialist as rodents are delicate animals and mostly bite out of fear not viciousness
59
Command-response-reward
Immediately rewarding desired behavior after a command is given. This technique does not use punishment
60
Clicker training
1. Associate sound of clicker with reward 2. Use clicker to signal that right behavior was performed and reward will be received
61
Extinction training
Eliminating problem behavior by completely removing the reinforcement for the behavior.
62
Aversion therapy
Creating a relationship between an unpleasant stimulus and an object that an animal may be marking, chewing, or otherwise damaging.
63
Avoidance therapy
Negative reinforcement to diminish a problem behavior. Link the behavior with an unpleasant event in order to avoid circumstance. Must not associate unpleasant event with owner.
64
Habituation
Surrounding the animal with stimulus causing the problem until the animal becomes acclimated. Used to treat minor behavior problems and not those that cause aggressive or moderate to severe fear.
65
Punishment (behavior modification)
To eliminate undesired behavior. Must occur every time the behavior occurs and be of appropriate intensity. Not currently recommended for behavior modification. Should never be used to treat aggression.
66
Counterconditioning
Taking a stimulus linked to a negative emotion and reconditioning the animal by linking it to a positive emotional response. Can replace an undesirable behavior with a desirable one. Sometimes used in conjunction with desensitization.
67
Desensitization
Diminishing a behavior by gradually exposing the animal to the stimulus that produces the inappropriate response.
68
Pharmaceutical behavioral therapy
Should be considered only after other methods have failed and medical causes have been ruled out. Antidepressants, nutraceuticals and prescription diets may reduce stress and assist in behavior modification

Introduction To Veterinary Technology (5 decks)

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