Behavior and Biology Flashcards
(26 cards)
How is the nervous system divided?
The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
What is the responsibility of the brain and spinal cord?
responsible for processing information and coordinating tasks with the peripheral system
What does the peripheral system includes?
includes all sensory neurons and nerves that move the muscles
How does the peripheral and central nervous system communicate?
communicates with each other through the peripheral nervous system’s efferent and afferent nerves
What are afferent nerves?
Afferent nerves are sensory nerves that ascend the spinal cord and carry sensory information from the environment into he brain
what are efferent nerves ?
Efferent nerves are motor nerves that exit the brain and descend the spinal cord. relaying commands from the brain to our muscles.
Mnemonic for afferent and efferent?
Afferent Arrive at the brain
Efferent nerves exit.
What are the regions that afferent and efferent fibers make up?
Dorsal roots and Ventral roots
What are dorsal roots?
The dorsal roots ( back facing side) of the spinal cord contains bundles of afferent (sensory) fibers
What are the ventral roots?
The ventral roots (belly- facing side) of the spinal cord contains bundles of efferent (motor) fibers.
Somatic and autonomic systems?
Further divisions of the peripheral nervous system
What is the somatic nervous system?
The somatic nervous system governs the voluntary movements and supplies the skeletal muscle with nerves
What is the autonomic nervous system?
governs autonomic and involuntary movements. Includes the digestive system, various glands, and smooth muscle
Further divisions of the autonomic nervous system
The sympathetic nervous system and the Parasympathetic nervous system
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
the part of the nervous system that is designed to respond to stressors within the environment “ fight or flight”
What is the parasympathetic nervous system?
The parasympathetic nervous system designed to help us rest. “rest and digest”
How does energy relate to the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system?
The sympathetic system expands energy while the parasympathetic nervous stem conserves energy
Causes by the sympathetic system includes?
inhabitation of saliva production, accelerated heart rate, slowed digestion
How is the sympathetic nervous system activated?
The sympathetic nervous system is activated when presented with a stressor or dangerous situation.
The process of the sympathetic nervous system when it is activated
When the sympathetic nervous system is activated the adrenal cortex releases cortisol while the adrenal; medulla releases epinephrine’s
What are Epinephrine’s?
Epinephrine is an important hormone and neurotransmitter, respectfully, implicated in the stress response
What happens during a cognitive appraisal?
The ability to resolve the stressor or situation is assessed and likely outcomes are determined
What is a neurotransmitter?
Chemical messengers that transmit messages from a neuron cell to a target cell..
How can neurotransmitters be based?
They can be based on function (mood regulation), effects on the cell membrane potential (inhibitory, excitatory, or both), or locus of action ( central or peripheral nervous system)
