Behavior modifying drugs

Question 1

Diazepam (Valium)

Answer 1

• benzodiazepine - anti anxiety but not good to use for behaviour drug because it interferes with learning and memory and animals can become dependent on it
• make sure you check cat liver enzymes before starting because can cause fulminant hepatic necrosis

Question 2

Alprazolam (Xanax)

Answer 2

• benzodiazepine
• good for aggression
• takes 3-5 weeks to take effect
• large dose will cause animal to be lethargic and incoordinated

Question 3

Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)

Answer 3

• benzodiazepine
• appetite stimulant and anti anxiety effects in cats
• good for cat with hepatic lipidosis and needs to eat

Question 4

Flurazepam (Dalmane)

Answer 4

• benzodiazepine

- appetite stimulant and ant anxiety effects in cats and dogs

Question 5

Clorazepate (Tranxene)

Answer 5

• benzodiazepine
• diazepam metabolite
• has long half life
• good for thunderstorm phobias, compulsive grooming and wool sucking

Question 6

Oxazepam (Serax)

Answer 6

• benzodiazepine

- appetite stimulant for dogs and cats

Question 7

Triazolam (Halcion)

Answer 7

• benzodiazepine

- good for aggressive cats

Question 8

Buspirone

Answer 8

• partial serotonin agonist and dopamine receptor antagonist
• good for treatment of inappropriate urination with cats but cause don’t get dependent on it and when off of treatment they don’t go back to bad behaviour
• become aggressive towards other cats in household but works better in multicat households
• good for timid cats because it makes them more social
• dont become uncoordinated like when on benzodiazepine
• 2-4w for effect

Question 9

Imipramine (Tofranil)

Answer 9

• TCA
• used for separation anxiety and aggressive dogs
• treat narcolepsy in dogs and horses

Question 10

Amitriptyline (Elavil)

Answer 10

• TCA
• used for inappropriate urination in cats
• antiinflammatory activity in cats with Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disorder

Question 11

Clomipramine (Clomicalm)

Answer 11

• TCA
• good for dogs with separation anxiety
• good for treating phobias and panic disorders
• inappropriate urination in cats

Question 12

Fluoxetine (Prozac or Reconcile)

Answer 12

• SSRI
• antidepressant the has serotonin reuptake inhibition and regulates GABA
• reduce urine spraying with cats
• dogs controls aggression anxiety, dominance aggression and treats acral lick granulomas

Question 13

Trazodone

Answer 13

• SARI (serotonin antagonist/ reuptake inhibitor)
• used in dogs to keep them quiet when needed
• antidepressant and anti anxiety because increasing serotonin while gradually decreasing the GABA inhibition

Question 14

Selegiline (Anipryl)

Answer 14

-used for canine cognitive disorders
-irreversible inhibitor of MOAs
results in increased amount of dopamine within the CNS

Question 15

Acepromazine

Answer 15

• phenothiazine tranquilizer
• popular general tranquilizer and used for sedation
• long onset time
• not useful in show animals because get prolapse of nictitating membrane in horses and dogs and potential penile prolapse in horses

Question 16

Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)

Answer 16

• phenothiazine tranquilizer
• currently popular for show cattle and barrel horses for tranquillization
• DONT GIVE IV TO HORSES
• extrapyramindal reactions in horses
• in cattle it causes decrease of ACTH release and will interfere with embryo transfer procedures
• causes 48 hour “hang over” period after it has stopped being used
• tissue residues may persist for long periods of time

Question 17

Fluphenazine (Modecate, Prolixen)

Answer 17

• phenothaizine tranquilizer
• sometimes used in horses - most popularly used in show and race horses as “liquid lunge line”
• not ethical or legal for this purpose
• causes severe extrapyramindal signs approx 12 hours after administration
• diphenhydramine can be given to reestablish ACh and dopamine balance

Question 18

Naltrexone (Trexan)

Answer 18

• narcotic antagonist
• tx of acral lick dermatitis in dogs. but all dogs relapse when therapy is discontinued
• pure nacotic antagonist with no agonist properties
• tolerance or dependance does not develop
• adverse effect: increases in SALT and hepatocellular injury
• IV suppresses cribbing in horses and other stereotypic behaviours
• too expensive for practical use

Question 19

Feline Facial Pheromone (Feliway)

Answer 19

• natural
• control urine marking because most cats dont leave marks on objects previously marked with facial pheromones
• calming effect on cats

Question 20

Dog Appearing Pheronmone (DAP)

Answer 20

• chemical developed to calm dogs suffering from separation anxiety disorder, astraphobia, fear of fireworks or those with excessive barking problems
• synthetic analogue of a hormone produced by nursing canine mothers that is supposed to “promote calm and secure behaviour”
• available in collars for dogs

Question 21

Reserpine

Answer 21

• prevents reuptake of NE so there is less NE in the neuronal synapse making the animal more docile
• IV administration is easily detected