Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Phyc/Soc > Behavior, the Endocrine, and the NS > Flashcards

Behavior, the Endocrine, and the NS Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine functions

A

fluid regulation, metabolism, blood glucose concentration and calcium levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the endo system?

A

a network of organs distributed throughout the body that secrete signaling molecule or hormones into the blood stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the jobs of hormones?

A

Cause change in some physiological function, or trigger other hormones to be released (tropic hormones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hypothalamus

A

converts NS inputs into endo signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Anterior pituitary gland

A

receives signals from hypothalamus through hormones that travels down the hypophyseal portal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Posterior pituitary gland

A

Receives signals from hypothalamus in form of neuronal instead of hormonal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Thyroid and parathyroid

A

Affects on metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Adrenal glands

A

Involved with mediating stress levels with cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ovaries and teses

A

Estro and testo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Role of Oxytocin

A

Best known for promoting contractions during labor (positive feedback). Also have psychological affects like affection, love and mood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Role of Prolactin

A

Best known for its affects in lactation. Also, modulates stress response, anxiety, and depression (very complicated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Role of melatonin

A

Thought to induce sleep. Blue light can suppress melatonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hunger is mediated by what hormones?

A

Lepin, ghrelin, and NPY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Leptin

A

reduces hunger. released by adipose (fat) cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Grehlin

A

promotes hunger. released by GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

NPY

A

Stimulates food intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Stress hormones

A

EPI and NOREPI (short term)

Cortisol (long term effect)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Thyroid hormone

A

Best known for promoting metabolism. Also, very low levels= fatigue and depression. high levels= irritability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Neurotransmitters and their functions

A

Dopamine- degradation of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain of the brain is associated with the onset of parkinson’s
Endorphins- endogenerous opioids and pain killers
Norepi- raises one’s heart rate, blood pressure
Serotonin- lack of is associated with depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which side of the brain deals with language processing and production?

A

Both broca’s and wernicke’s area are localized to the left hemisphere of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Reflexes

A

automatic behaviors that occur in response to certain stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The synapse between motor neurons and muscle

A

NMJ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Reflex arcs

A

simple neural pathways that control reflexes

EX) patellar reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Sensory neurons

A

AFFERENT

carry info about stimuli to CNS for processing

25
Motor Neurons
EFFERENT | Carry signals to react from the CNS
26
How do neurotransmitters be released/trigger and action potential?
they push the membrane potential difference in either direction
27
Excitatory neurotransmitters
depolarize the target neuron
28
Inhibitory neurotransmitter
hyperpolarize the target neuron
29
Acetylcholine
Activates muscle contraction at NMJ. Communicates signals between CNS and autonomic NS sends signals from parasympathetic NS to target Overall job: communication
30
GABA
Inhibitory neurotransmitter and pushes for hyperpolarization
31
Glutamate
An excitatory neurotransmitter, pushes towards depolarization
32
Endorphins
suppress pain and produce a euphoria response (reflect opioids) NOREPI- involved in acute stress response EPI- adrenaline (similar effects)
33
Serotonin
Regulates mood, appetite, and sleep along with intestinal movement current hypothesis: low levels are associated with depression
34
Dopamine
Involved in reward pathways, mediates certain motor function loss of dopamine-secreting neurons in the substantia nigra leads to parkinson's
35
Agonist
a compound that activates a receptor to cause a response
36
Antagonist
Bind a receptor but does not cause a response. prevent agonist from affecting the body
37
PNS
somatic NS- carrying out voluntary activities (afferent and efferent) autonomic NS- carrying out unconscious activities (EX: heart rate, urination) and is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic NS
38
Sympathetic NS
flight or fight response to acute stress stimulation: -EPI is realsed -airways open for more air to be passed through -start sweating Suppression: -digestion, blood vessels for GI constrict -peristalsis also slows down
39
Behavior effects of sympathetic NS
tunnel-vision, shaking, decrease in sexual arousal
40
Parasympathetic NS
rest and digest - blood vessels on muscles constrict and expand in GI tract - pupil smaller
41
Behavioral effects of parasympathetic NS
promotes digestion, salivation, sexual arousal
42
Strange third branch of the autonomic NS
Enteric NS | regulates activity of gut
43
CNS
decides what to do | brain and spinal cord
44
Brain parts
Hindbrain Forebrain (most volume) Midbrain
45
Hindbrain
Basic functions, evolutionary conserved functions - cerebellum: coordinated movement - medulla oblongata: autonomic functions pons: relay station, signals moved
46
Forebrain
more advanced functions like reasoning - diencephalon which gives rise to pituitary gland, hypothalamus: bridge between NS and endo system, thalamus:regulates sleep and awareness, telencephalon (which then gives rise to cerebrum) - olfactory bulb: odors - basal ganglia - hippocamous
47
Limbic system
basal ganglia, olfactory bulbs, hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus -involved in emotion, motivation, and memory
48
Midbrain
somewhere in between like vision and eye movement - inferior and superior colliculi - substantia nigra- dopamine - brain stem which has RAS for alertness
49
Cerebral cortex
``` 4 lobes: frontal- planning, memory, attention parietal- sensory processing occipital- vision temporal lobe- meaning, visual memories ```
50
Wernicke's area
temporal lobe, involved with language comprehension | left hemi
51
Broca's area
part of frontal lobe involved with language production | left hemi
52
Spinal cord
Afferent for peripheral to CNS, protected by cerebrospinal fluid, meninges and bones.
53
vertebra
Anterior- stomach (motor) | posterior- faces back (sensory)
54
EEG
measure brain activity through electrodes placed on scalp
55
CT
X-rays of 360 degrees
56
MRI
strong magnetic fields to image structures within the body - soft structures - no radiation - more expensive and time consuming
57
PET
works with glucose and detects decaying events to detect activity
58
fMRI
measures on oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin to visualize blood flow measures both structure and function

Phyc/Soc (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions