Behavioral Science: Biology and Behavior

Question 1

What is neuropsychology?

Answer 1

The study of the connection between the nervous system and behavior

Question 2

What are the three different types of neurons in the nervous system?

Answer 2

Sensory Motor, and Interneurons

Question 3

What is a reflex arc

Answer 3

Use the ability of interneurons in the spinal chord to relay information to the source of the stimuli while simultaneously routing it to the brain

Question 4

What are the two main divisions of the nervous system

Answer 4

Central Nervous System (brain and spinal chord)

Peripheral Nervous System (most cranial and spinal nerves)

Question 5

The PNS is divided into which divisions?

Answer 5

Somatic (voluntary) and the autonomic (involuntary)

Autonomic is divided into the parasympathetic and the sympathetic

Question 6

What is the difference between the parasympathetic and the sympathetic?

Answer 6

Fight or flight vs. Rest and digest

Question 7

What are the three subdivisions of the brain?

Answer 7

Hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain

Question 8

What are the contents of the hindbrain?

Answer 8

cerebellum, medulla oblongata, and the reticular formation

Question 9

What are the contents of the midbrain?

Answer 9

Inferior and superior colliculi

Question 10

What are the contents of the forebrain?

Answer 10

Thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, limbic system, and the cerebral cortex

Question 11

What is the difference between afferent and efferent neurons?

Answer 11

Afferent ascend into the brain (sensory)

Efferent exit the brain to the periphery (motor)

Question 12

Function, Location of the following:

Cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, limbic system, thalamus, hypothalamus

Answer 12

Forebrain:

Cerebral cortex: complex perceptual cognitive behavior
Basal Ganglia: movement
Limbic System: amygdala, hippocampus, septal nuclei (emotion and memory)
Thalamus: sensory relay station
Hypothalamus: hunger and thirst, emotion

Question 13

Function, location of the following:

inferior and superior coliculi

Answer 13

Midbrain, sensorimotor reflex

Question 14

Function, location of the following:

Cerebellum, medulla oblongata, reticular formation

Answer 14

Hindbrain

Cerebellum: refined motor movements
Medulla oblongata: vital functioning (breathing, digestion)
Reticular formation: arousal/alertness

Question 15

Methods of studying the brain

Answer 15

lesions, electrical stimulation, activity recording

Question 16

Function: Thalamus

Answer 16

Part of the forebrain, relay station for sensory information

Question 17

Function: hypothalamus

Answer 17

Part of the forebrain, maintains homeostasis and integrates with the endocrine system through the hypophyseal portal system that connects to the anterior pituitary

Question 18

Function: basal ganglion

Answer 18

Part of the forebrain, smoothens movement and helps maintain postural stability

Question 19

Function: Limbic system

Answer 19

Part of the forebrain, contains septal nuclei, amygdala, hippocampus,
controls emotion and memory

Septal nuclei: pleasure, pleasure seeking
Amygdala: fear and aggression
hippocampus: consolidation of memory

Question 20

Fornix

Answer 20

communication for the hippocampus to the other parts of the limbic system

Question 21

Cerebral Cortex Lobes are…

Answer 21

F-POT

Frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobe

Question 22

Frontal lobe:

Answer 22

executive function, impulse control, long-term planning, motor function, and speech production

Question 23

Parietal Lobe:

Answer 23

sensations of touch, pressure, temperature, pain, spatial processing, orientation and manipulation

Question 24

Occipital Lobe

Answer 24

visual processing

Question 25

Temporal Lobe

Answer 25

sound processing, speech perception, memory, and emotion

Question 26

Cerebral Hemispheres, which is dominant vs. non-dominant

Answer 26

left and right hemispheres, Most individuals, left hemisphere is the dominant hemisphere for language

Question 27

Neurotransmitters

Answer 27

released by neurons to carry a signal

Question 28

Acetylcholine

Answer 28

used by the somatic nervous system (muscle movement), parasympathetic, and the CNS (alertness)

Question 29

Dopamine

Answer 29

maintains smooth movements and steady posture

Question 30

Endorphins and Enkephalins

Answer 30

natural painkillers

Question 31

Epi/NE

Answer 31

wakefulness, alertness and mediate fight or fligh responses | Epi tends to act as a hormone, and NE tends to act as a NT

Question 32

GABA/Glycine

Answer 32

brain stabilizers, inhibitory NT

Question 33

Glutamate

Answer 33

Major CNS excitatory NT

Question 34

Seretonin

Answer 34

modulates mood, sleep patterns, eating patterns and dreaming

Question 35

Endocrine system is connected to the nervous system via...

Answer 35

hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary

Question 36

Glands of the Endocrine System

Answer 36

Hypothalamus, Anterior Pituitary, Adrenal Glands, and Gonads Anterior Pituitary: FSH, LH, TSH Adrenal Glands: mineralocorticoids, corticoids, androgens, epinephrine, and noroepinephrine

Question 37

Nature vs. Nurture

Answer 37

Debate regarding the relative contributions of genetics and environment to an individual's traits

Question 38

Family Studies

Answer 38

relative frequency of a trait within a family compared to the general population

Question 39

Twin Studies

Answer 39

compare concordance rates between monozygotic and dizygotic twins

Question 40

Adoption Studies

Answer 40

similarities between adopted children and their adoptive parents, relative to similiarities with their biological parents

Question 41

Neurulation

Answer 41

notochord stimulates overlying ectoderm to fold over, creating the neural tube topped with neural crests cells

Question 42

Neural tube vs. Neural Crest

Answer 42

Neural crest cells spread out throughout the body, differentiating into many different tissues, while neural tube cells eventually becomes the CNS

Question 43

primitive reflexes

Answer 43

exists in infants and should disappear with age, and are used as a diagnostic tool for neurological development disorders

Question 44

Rooting Reflex

Answer 44

infant turns his head towards anything that brushes the cheek (nipple search)

Question 45

Moro Reflex

Answer 45

infant extends the arms, then slowly retracts them and cries in response to a falling sensation

Question 46

Babinski Reflex

Answer 46

big toe is extended and the other toe fan in response to the brushing on the sole of the foot

Question 47

Grasping reflex

Answer 47

infant grabs anything put into his or her hand

Question 48

Gross and fine motor skills development milestones fashion

Answer 48

head to toe and core to periphery

Question 49

Social Skill shift in developmental milestone

Answer 49

parent oriented --> self oriented --> other oriented

Question 50

Language skill shift in development milestone

Answer 50

become increasingly complex