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Quicksheets > Behavioral Sciences > Flashcards

Behavioral Sciences Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of neurons in nervous system?

A

Motor (efferent), interneuron, sensory (afferent)

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2
Q

What is the function of parasympathetic nervous system vs Sympathetic nervous system

A

parasympathetic- rest and digest
sympathetic- fight or flight

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3
Q

What actions occur in parasympathetic system?

A

-Constrict pupils
- stimulate flow of saliva
-Constrict bronchi
-Slows heartbeat
-stimulates peristalsis
-stimulate bile release
-contracts bladder

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4
Q

What actions occur in sympathetic system?

A

-Dilate pupils
-inhibits Saliva
-Dilates bronchi
-Accelerates heartbeat
-inhibits peristalsis and secretion
-Stimulates glucose production and release
-inhbits bladder contraction

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5
Q

Which brain structures are in the Hindbrain?

A

Hindbrain: cerebellum, medulla oblongata, reticular formation

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6
Q

Which brain structures are in the midbrain ?

A

inferior and superior colliculus

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7
Q

which brain structures are in the forebrain ?

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, limbic system and cerebral cortex

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8
Q

What is the function of the thalamus?

A

relay station for sensory system

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9
Q

function of hypothalamus?

A

maintain homeostasis and integrate endocrine system through hypophyseal portal system (connecting to anterior pituitary)

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10
Q

Function of Basal Ganglia?

A

Basal Ganglia: smoothens movements and helps maintain postural stability

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11
Q

What is function of limbic system?

A

controls emotion and memory

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12
Q

which structures are part of limbic system?

A

Amygdala (fear and aggression) hippocampus (memory0 and fornix (communication)

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13
Q

What is the function of Acetylcholine?

A

voluntary muscle control, parasympathetic nervous system, attention and alertness

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14
Q

What is the function of Dopamine?

A

smooth movements, postural stability

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15
Q

What is function of Serotonin?

A

controls mood, sleep ,eating, dreaming

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16
Q

What is Weber’s Law?

A

Discusses that the just-noticeable difference is proportional to magnitude of stimulus (and constant over most stimuli)

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17
Q

What is the visual pathway ?

A

Retina—> Optic nerve—> optic chiasm—> optic tracts—> Lateral geniculate nucleus (thalamus)—> visual radiations—> Visual cortex

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18
Q

What ear structure detects sound?

A

Cochlea

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19
Q

Which ear structures detect linear acceleration?

A

Utricle and saccule

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20
Q

which ear structures detect rotational acceleration ?

A

Semicircular Canals

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21
Q

What is the Auditory pathway?

A

Cochlea—> Vestibulocochlear nerve—> medial geniculate nucleus—> auditory cortex

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22
Q

What are the touch modalities for Somatosensation?

A

pressure, vibration, pain and temperature

23
Q

Describe Bottom Up processing

A

recognize objects by parallel processing and feature detection
(Slower, but less mistakes)

24
Q

Describe Top down processing

A

recognize objects by memories and expectations (pay little attention to detail)
- fast, prone to more mistakes

25
Q

Differentiate between positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement

A

Positive reinforcement : Adding a stimulus to continue the behavior
Negative reinforcement: Removing a stimulus to continue behavior
(reinforcement: always continuing behavior)

26
Q

Differentiate between positive punishment and negative punishment

A

Positive Punishment : Adding a stimulus to Stop behavior
Negative Punishment : removing a stimulus to stop behavior
punishment: always stopping behavior

27
Q

What waves are present in awake stage? Features?

A

Beta and Alpha waves
features: perceive,process and express information

28
Q

What waves are present in stages 1 and 2 ? Features ?

A

Stage 1: theta ; light sleep
Stage 2 theta : sleep spindles and K complexes

29
Q

What waves appear in stages 3 and 4? Features?

A

stage 3/4 : Delta
slow-wave sleep, declarative memory,

30
Q

Which waves appear in REM stage ? Features?

A

Mostly beta; Appear awake physiologically; procedural memory

31
Q

Which sleep disorders are dyssomnias?

A

Narcolepsy, Insomnia, sleep apnea, and sleep deprivation

32
Q

which sleep disorders are parasomnias?

A

night terrors and sleep walking

33
Q

Which pathway mediates drug addiction? What structures are involved?

A

Mesolimbic pathway: nucleus accumbens, medial forebrain bundle, ventral tegmental area
(dopamine- main neurotransmitter)

34
Q

Which drugs are depressants and what are their functions

A

Alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines
- sense of relaxation and reduced anxiety

35
Q

which drugs are stimulants? function?

A

amphetamines, cocaine, ecstasy
-increase arousal

36
Q

which drugs are opiates/opoids? Functions?

A

Heroin, morphine, opium, pain pills
-decreased reaction to pain; euphoria

37
Q

which drugs represent hallucinogens? functions?

A

LSD, Peyote, mescaline, ketamine, mushrooms
-distort reality and fantasy; introspection

38
Q

Differentiate between deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning ?

A

Deductive reasoning: make a conclusion from general rules
inductive reasoning: make a generalization from evidence

39
Q

What is conduction aphasia? How does it occur?

A

inability to repeat words even if speech generation and comprehension is intact
-damage to the arcuate fasiculus (connects Broca’s to wernicke’s area)

40
Q

What are the seven universal emotions ?

A

happiness, sadness, contempt, surprise, fear, disgust, and anger

41
Q

What occurs in primary appraisal of stress?

A

you classify a potential stressor as irrelevant, benign-positive or stressful

42
Q

Describe what occurs in secondary appraisal of stress ?

A

you evaluate whether the organism can cope with stress based on threat, harm and challenge

43
Q

What are the three stages of general adaptation syndrome ?

A

alarm, resistance and exhaustion

44
Q

What is cyclothymic disorder ?

A

Disorder that contains hypomanic episodes and dysthymia (milder form of depression)

45
Q

What is Agoraphobia?

A

fear of places or situations where it is hard for an individual to escape

46
Q

List Erikson’s 8 stages of psychosocial development

A
  1. Trust vs Mistrust
  2. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
  3. Initiative vs Guilt
  4. Industry vs Inferiority
  5. Identity vs Role confusion
  6. Intimacy vs Isolation
  7. Generativity vs Stagnation
  8. Integrity vs Despair
47
Q

Describe trait theorist’s big Five?

A
  • Openness
    -Conscientiousness
  • Extraversion
    -Agreeableness
  • Neuroticism
    (OCEAN)
48
Q

What is Conversion disorder?

A

Conversion Disorder: having unexplained symptoms that affect motor or sensory function

49
Q

Which personality disorders fall in cluster A?

A

Paranoid, schizotypal, schizoid
(A: odd, eccentric)

50
Q

Which personality disorders fall in cluster B?

A

-antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic
(dramatic, emotional, erratic, wild)

51
Q

which personality disorders fall in cluster C?

A

Avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive
(fearful, worried)

52
Q

Differentiate between group polarization and groupthink

A

Group polarization : make decisions in a group that are more EXTREME than individual ideas
group think: make decisions within a group without considering outside ideas

53
Q

Differentiate between conformity and compliance

A

Conformity : changing your belief or behavior to fit in a society
Compliance : changing your behavior based on the request of others

54
Q
A

Quicksheets (6 decks)

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