Behavioral Sciences - Out of place Flashcards
(20 cards)
A weight lifter is just able to tell the difference between 100 and 125 pounds. According to Weber’s law, the lifter would notice a difference between:
a. 125 and 150 pounds.
b. 5 and 6 pounds.
c. 25 and 35 pounds.
d. 225 and 275 pounds.
25 and 35 pounds.
Weber’s law: at the smallest noticeable difference (just noticeable difference or JND) in a stimulus is proportional to the rationof the intensity of the original stimulus
A person is at a party with a friend. There is loud music in the background and the location is crowded. While listening to the music, the person hears what seems like the friends laughter and turns around to investigate. This person is exhibiting:
a. Feature detection.
b. bottom-up processing.
c. vestibular sense.
d. signal detection.
Correct - Signal detection - People make decisions based on a distinguishing a signal (friend laughing) from general noise (music)
Define bottom-up processing:
Object recognition is done by parallel processing and feature detection - the brain will combine two features into one image, before deciding what the object is.
Define top-down processing:
Object recognition done by memories and expectation that allow the brain to recognize the entire general object, and then we can analyze specific details.
Allows us to quickly recognize objects w out detail.
Define feature detection:
Ability to distinguish specific details or features of a stimuli, typically visual.
A person is at a restaurant and orders a spicy entree. After the first bite, the person experiences burning in the mouth and becomes concerned that the food is too hot. The next few bites are similarly uncomfortable, but after a while the spiciness seems to subside somewhat, and by the end of the meal, the person doesn’t notice the spice level. The end of the meal experience is best described as:
a. Adaptation.
b. Signal detection.
c. A difference threshold.
d. Pain perception.
Adaptation - our ability to detect a stimulus changing over time.
Define a difference threshold:
A difference threshold hold (AKA just-noticeable difference) is the minimum change in magnitude required for someone to recognize that two stimuli are in fact different stimuli.
Which sensory receptors send signals in response to tissue damage?
a. Chemoreceptors.
b. Nocireceptors.
c. Osmoreceptors.
d. Photoreceptors.
Nociceptors - pain reception. CORRECT
Chemoreceptors = sensory cells or organ responsive to chemical stimuli.
Osmoreceptors = Sensory cells in the hypothalamus that detect changes in osmotic pressure of body fluids.
Photoreceptors = Sensory cells that detect light.
Which part of the eye is responsible for gathering and focussing light?
The cornea.
Function of the pupil of the eye:
Regulate the amount of light entering the eye
Function of the iris of the eye:
Controls the size and diameter of the pupil
Function of the retina of the eye:
Transduces light energy into chemical energy, which can be interpreted by the brain as image
A person is looking for change to do laundry and decides to look under the seats of the household car. Even using a flashlight allows no more than an obscured look at the space below. There are various items such as wrappers and papers, but the person sees the glint of silver from an object laying flat and determines it is a coin. This person used:
a. Signal detection.
b. Sensory adaptation.
c. Feature detection.
d. Kinestetic sense.
Feature detection
Which part of the eye are images projected and transduced into electrical signals?
a. Cornea.
b. Pupil.
c. Retina.
d. Lens.
Retina.
Function of the lens of the eye:
Focuses incoming light directly into the retina
The ability to sense stimuli against one’s own skin is known as:
a. somatosensation.
b. kinesthetic sense.
c. vestibular sense.
d. chemoreception.
Somatosensation.
Define kinesthetic sense:
The awareness of your own body in space, such as where you limbs are currently resting.
Define vestibular sense:
The ability to sense your bodies position in space, used for coordination/balance/etc
Which of the following is NOT a taste modality:
a. Sweet.
b. Floral.
c. Savory.
d. Bitter.
Floral is NOT a taste modality.
5 taste modalities: Sweet, savory (umami), bitter, sour, salty.
Which of the following best describes the difference between endolymph and perilymph:
a. Endolymph is found in the vestibule, while perilymph is found in the cochlea.
b. Endolymph is found in the cochlea, while perilymph is found in the vestibule.
c. Endolymph is found in the membranous labyrinth, while perilymph is found in the bony labyrinth.
d. Endolymph is found in the bony labyrinth, while perilymph is found in the membranous labyrinth.
Endolymph is found in the membranous labyrinth, while perilymph is found in the bony labyrinth.
