Behaviorist Approach Flashcards
Who founded classical conditioning?
It was founded by Ivan Pavlov.
Who founded operant conditioning?
It was founded by Skinner.
What do behaviourists believe?
Behaviourists believe that all behaviour is learnt and that therefore nothing is innate (genetic).
What are normal and pathological behaviour a result of?
They are a result of maladaptive learning.
What is classical conditioning learning via?
Classical conditioning is learning via association
Pavlov’s research
- Pavlov conditioned a dog to salivate to the sound of the bell
- He paired the ringing of the bell with food
- The dog learns to associate the ringing of the bell with incoming food
- A reflex action then becomes a conditioned response
Why is time an important factor?
If the NS is not introduced immediately before the UCS or if the time is too long between the two, conditioning will not occur.
What is stimulus generalisation?
Pavlov found that if he varies the tone and pitch of the bell, the dog would still salivate.
What is operant conditioning learning via?
Operant conditioning is learning through reinforcement.
stimulus discrimination
Pavlov found that if too many changes were made, the dog wouldn’t salivate
What was Skinner’s research?
Skinner developed a special cage called ‘Skinner’s box’ in order to investigate operant conditioning in rats. The rat moves around the cage and when it accidentally presses the lever, a hungry rat begins pressing the lever in order to obtain food. if the food pellets stop, the rat presses the lever a few more times and then abandons it.
When did Social Learning Theory (SLT) emerge and who was it the work of?
Social Learning theory emerged in the 1960s and was work of Albert Bandura .
Why is SLT a nurture model?
It is a nurture model because it believes that everything is learn’t and nothing is innate.
when was skinner box test done?
1953
What is positive reinforcement?
Receiving a reward when a certain behaviour is performed
