Behaviour in a Social Context Flashcards
What is attribution?
The process of explaining the causes of behavior and events.
What is the fundamental attribution error?
The tendency to overemphasize personal traits and underestimate situational factors when explaining others’ behaviors.
What is the self-serving bias?
Attributing one’s successes to internal factors and failures to external factors.
What is social cognition?
How people process, store, and apply information about others and social situations.
What are the components of an attitude?
Cognitive (beliefs), affective (emotions), and behavioral (actions).
What is cognitive dissonance?
The discomfort experienced when holding conflicting thoughts or beliefs, leading to attitude change.
What is the elaboration likelihood model?
A theory explaining two routes to persuasion: central (logical) and peripheral (superficial cues).
What is conformity?
Adjusting behaviors or beliefs to align with group norms.
What is obedience?
Following direct commands, usually from an authority figure
What is compliance?
Agreeing to a request from someone with no authority over you.
What is social facilitation?
Improved performance on tasks in the presence of others.
What is social loafing?
The tendency to exert less effort when working in a group.
What is groupthink?
A mode of thinking where the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides realistic appraisal of alternatives.
What is prejudice?
A negative attitude toward a group and its members.
What is discrimination?
Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group or its members.
What is the contact hypothesis?
The theory that under appropriate conditions, interpersonal contact is one of the most effective ways to reduce prejudice between majority and minority group members.
What is aggression?
Behavior intended to harm another individual
What is the frustration-aggression hypothesis?
The theory that frustration leads to aggressive behavior
What is prosocial behavior?
Voluntary behavior intended to benefit others.
What is the bystander effect?
The tendency for individuals to be less likely to help a victim when other people are present.
What is social identity theory?
A person’s sense of who they are based on their group memberships.
What is in-group bias?
The tendency to favor one’s own group over others.
What is realistic conflict theory?
The idea that competition over limited resources leads to intergroup conflict
What are the 3 components of Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love?
Intimacy, passion, and commitment.
