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PSYC10002 > Behavioural Neuroscience > Flashcards

Behavioural Neuroscience Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Behaviour definition

A

= the observable actions of humans

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2
Q

Divisions of the nervous system

A

Nervous
Central - brain and spinal cord
Peripheral - somatic and autonomic ( Enteric, Parasympathetic, sympathetic)

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3
Q

Rostral

A

towards the beak

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4
Q

caudal

A

towards the tail

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5
Q

dorsal

A

towards the back

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6
Q

ventral

A

towards the belly

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7
Q

lateral

A

towards the side

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8
Q

medial

A

towards the midline

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9
Q

ipsilateral

A

on the same side of the midline

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10
Q

contralateral

A

on the opposite side of the midline

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11
Q

Forebrain subdivisons

A

telencephalon
diencephalon

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12
Q

mid brain subdivision

A

mesencephalon

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13
Q

hind brain subdivisions

A

metencephalon
myelencephalon

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14
Q

telencephalon structures

A

cerebral cortex
basal ganglia
limbic system

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15
Q

basal ganglia role

A

controls involuntary movement

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16
Q

limbic system components and role

A

hypothalamus, thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala and nuclei of the brain
‘emotional circut’

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17
Q

diencephalon components

A

thalamus
hypothalamus

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18
Q

thalamus role

A

relays sensory info to the cerebral cortex

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19
Q

hypothalamus role

A

regulates survival behaviours
controls autonomic and endocrine systems

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20
Q

midbrain components and role

A

controls motor movement, eye movement, auditory and visual processing
tectum

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21
Q

metacephalon components

A

cerebellum
pons

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22
Q

cerebellum role

A

receives sensory info

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23
Q

pons role

A

regulates sleep and arousal

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24
Q

myencephalon component and role

A

medulla oblongata
controls autonomic functions e.g. breathing and HR

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25
primary visual cortex location role
occipital lobe recipes sensory info from the retina
26
parietal love role
attention and spatial awareness
27
temporal lobe role
auditory processing and complex visual processing e.g facial recognition
28
primary auditory cortex location role
superior part of temporal lobe processes auditory information
29
primary somatosensory cortex location role
between frontal and parietal lobes receives sensory information from the skin
30
primary motor cortex location role
precentral gyrus controls motor movement
31
frontal lobe roles
voluntary and controlled behaviour impulse control and emotional regulation abstract reasoning and planning social cognition language
32
action potential stages
1. resting potential 2. threshold 3. depolarisation 4. refractory period 5. resting potential 6. hyperpolarisation
33
threshold
Na+ ions flow into cell and if the membrane potential reaches -55mV, action potential is fired
33
resting potenial
neuron at -70mV
34
depolarisation
K+ channels open and K+ flows out of the cell
35
refractory period
Na+ channels close and K+ ions still exit the cell
36
hyperpolarisation
as the K+ channels close the membrane becomes more negative until the remains K+ can diffuse away
37
structures of the synapse
terminal button synaptic cleft pre and post synaptic membrane synaptic vesicles microtubule
38
neurotransmitters
chemical messengers that are synthesised within the brain/neurons
39
Release of neurotransmitters
synaptic vesicles merge with the presynaptic membrane and the contents are released into the synaptic cleft
40
reuptake of neurotransmitters
neurotransmitters are reabsorbed via endosymbiosis and reused by the synapse
41
excitatory neurotransmitters
depolarise the postsynaptic cell and increase the likelihood that an action potential will be fired e.g. glutamate
42
inhibitory neurotransmitters
hyperpolarise the post synaptic cell and decrease the likelihood that an action potential will be fired e.g. gabba aminobutyric acid GABA
43
neural integration
the combined effect of both EPSP's and IPSP's the neuron will only fire if the excitatory inputs are sufficiently greater than the inhibitory inputs so that the threshold can be reached
44
neuromodulator e.g
dopamine noradrenaline histamine serotonin
45
2 drug types
antagonists agonists
46
agonist
activate the receptor like the natural compound
47
antagonists
block the receptor and prevent the compound from activating it
48
EEG
tracks the electrical activity of the brain
49
EEG pros
cheap good temporal resolution portable safe
50
EEG cons
poor spatial resolution only detects surface activity
51
electrophysiology
record of action potential of a single neuron
52
electrophysiology pros
records individual neurons
53
electrophysiology cons
invasive high risk of infection neurons work in networks not isolation
54
MRI
magnetic field passes through brain causing H+ ions to align with the magnetic field
55
MRI pros
high spatial resolution can identify specific anatomical structures functional brain properties
56
MRI cons
very expensive large equipment that requires specialist operation safety risks
57
fMRI
as a brain region uses energy there is a increased blood flow to the area which is measured
58
PET scan
uses radioactive substances to visualise glucose metabolism or the neurotransmitter function
59
PET pros
can detect chemical in the brain associated with metabolism or function
60
PET cons
expensive low spatial resolution risks associated with the radioactive substances
61
brain enhancement
improvement of healthy function to above or better than normal using drugs or brain stimulation
62
electron brain stimulation
reveals precise cortical functions
63
non-invasive EBT
used to treat severe depression electrical stimulation of the brain to cause seizure
64
non-invasive magnetic brain stimulation
TMS generates a brei, focal magnetic pulse which activates a small region of cortex acts as a lesion and temporality disrupts the tissue
65
synaptic plasticity
= adaptability of neural connections
66
long term potentiation
the strengthening of a synaptic connection due to repeated stimulation
67
what does LTP do
increases the chance that th post-synaptic neuron will fire an action potential
68
long term depression
the post synaptic neuron becomes less sensitive to the neurotransmitters and decreases its likelihood to fire due to a lack of stimulation
69
neurogenesis
generation of new neurons
70
emotion
patterns of physiological response ad species-typical behaviour
71
3 components of emotion
behavioural autonomic hormonal

PSYC10002 (5 decks)

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