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psyc1001 > behavioural psychology > Flashcards

behavioural psychology Flashcards

(44 cards)

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1
Q

social cognition

A

process by which people select, interpret, and remember social information

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2
Q

social perception

A

process by which people come to understand and categorise the behaviours of others (judgements)

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3
Q

social interaction

A

process by which people interact with each other

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4
Q

attriubtion theory

A

we tend to give a causal explanation for someone’s behavior, often crediting either internal dispositions or external situations

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5
Q

internal attribution

A

explaining behaviour due to dispositional factors (persona’s personality)

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6
Q

External attribution

A

explaining behaviour due to situational factors (environemntal)

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7
Q

covariation model

A

determine whether actor’s behaviour is internal attribution or external attribution
- consistency information: does actor behave same towards stimulus in different situations
- consensus information: do other people behave the same towards the stimulus
- distinctiveness information: does the actor behave the same toward different stimuli

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8
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

overestimate behaviour to personality traits and underestimate sitational influences

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9
Q

tripartite model of attitudes

A

affective - feel, emotion
behavioural
cognitive - know

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10
Q

explicit attitudes

A

conscious & deliberate

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11
Q

implicit attitudes

A

unconscious, automatic

initiated without awareness

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12
Q

Theory of reasoned action

A

specific attitudes are matched to specific behaviour (assumes complete control of behaviour from intention)

attitude - affects intention
subjective norms - affects intention

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13
Q

theory of planned behaviour

A

takes into account
attitudes - affects intention
subjective norms - affects intention
perceived behavioural control - affects intention & behaviour

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14
Q

changing attitude

A

cognitive dissonance
incongruent cognitions

lead to being motivated to reduce tension by either
- changing behaviour
- changing opinion
- add new constant cognitions

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15
Q

who is threatened by cognitive dissoance

A

internal attributions - feel threatened and motivated to reduce (western)

external attributions - opposite (eastern

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16
Q

changing attitude & advertising

A

central route
- motivated to process
- compelling arguments
- strong lasting change

peripheral route
- not motivated to process
- peripheral cues
- weak temporary change

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17
Q

stereotypes

A

characteristics & beliefs about a group

cognitive

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18
Q

prejudice

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A

positive or negative evaluation of a group

includes an affective component (emotions)

19
Q

discrimination

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A

acts on prejudice

unjustified negative, harmful treatment towards a group

20
Q

social norms

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A

the expectation a group has for its members regarding acceptable & appropriate attitudes & behaviours

21
Q

social roles

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A

A socially defined pattern of behaviour that is expected of a person who is functioning in a given setting or group

22
Q

compliance

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A

A change in behaviour or expressed attitudes consistent with a direct request

23
Q

conformity

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A

The tendency for people to adopt the behaviours, attitudes, and values of other members of a reference group
- reference group sets social norms

24
Q

obedience

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A

Compliance with an authority figure/leader in which the request is perceived as an order or command

25
informal social response
conform due to uncertain about correct response so look to others and believe their interpretation light study
26
normative social influence
conform due to need to fit in & be liked line studies
27
factors affecting conformity
* Ambiguity * Need to be accurate * Crisis/emergency * Unanimity - challenged by non-conformist * Gender * Expertise * Status and attractiveness of the group * Group size
28
minority influence
processes of social influence where power or numerical minority changes attitudes and behaviour of majority - blue experiment (is it blue or green), showed minority is effective when they are consistent - disrupt the majority norm - not motivated by self interest
29
conversion effect
process of minority influence bring internal, private change in the attitudes of a majority due to majority thinking through arguments carefully
30
Milgram study factors that reduce obedience
- two other dissenting "teachers" - second experimenter - allowing P to follow own conscious - proximity (same room) - touch proximity - absent experimenter - ordinary person giving instructions
31
prosocial behaviour
behaving in a way that is good for other people or for society as a whole
32
helping behaviour
acts that INTENTIONALLY benefit someone else
33
altruism
prosocial behaviours that help others even when - no apparent personal gain - potential costs to the helper
34
biological explanations for prosocial behaviour
kin selection - natural selection: genes must survive reciprocity - assumption someone might help in the future mutually cooperative behaviour - those who cooperate are more successful (more likely to have genes passed on)
35
egoistic vs altruistic helping
altruistic - empathy egoistic - motivated to get something in return - negative-state relief hypothesis
36
five step model to helping (- barriers)
1 notice event - distracted and in a hurry 2 interpret event as emergency - pluralistic ignorance 3 assume responsibility - diffusion of responsibility 4 know appropriate form of assistance - lack of knowledge or competence 5 implement decision - danger to self, legal concerns, embarrassment
37
physical attraction
- average, symmetrical face - familiarity to our face - exadurate gendered features - same across cultures
38
proximity attraction
- close physical distance more likely to become familiar - more we see & interact with people the more we like them - mere exposure effect
39
reciprocity
- we like those who like us - we dislike those who dislike us
40
similarity
- favour similar people for long term relationships - don't favour similar people when looking for short term relationships similarity in terms of - opinions, attitudes, values - interpersonal style (how socially skilled) not always personality characteristics
41
passionate love
- ecstatic - physically arousing - desire for physical contact - great sadness, despair when things are not going well
42
companionate love
like companion (NOT compassionate) - intimate, affectionate, caring - commitment to the relationship - often in older relationships
43
postitive behaviours in maintaining relationships
validating, expressing appreciation etc look at internal attributions for positive behavior look at external attributions for negative behaviour
44
negative behaviours
criticism, contempt, defensiveness, stonewalling look at external attribution for positive behaviour look at internal attribution for negative behaviour

psyc1001 (4 decks)

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