BEHAVIOURISM Flashcards
What is beheviourism?
Is the theory that human and animal behaviour can be explained in terms of conditioning without appeal to thoughts or feelings.
What is the conscept of behaviourism?
conditioning happens through our repeated interactions with our environment
Any human can be trained to perform any task regardless of where they come from and their internal process
John B Watson is the founder of behaviourism
Behaviourists believe that behaviour is based on empirical evidence
What is classical conditioning
A neutral stimulus generating the same response as a naturally occurying stimulus.
What is Operant conditioning/ insrumental conditioning?
Process by which humans and animals learn to behave in such a way as obtained rewards and avoid punishments
what is unconditional stimulus?
A stimulus that leads to an automatic response
What is unconditional response?
An automatic reflex that occurs in response to a unconditional stimulus
What is conditional stimulus?
A stimulus that triggers a conditional response
What is conditional response?
An automatic response established by training to a ordinary neutral stimulus.
What was Pavlov’s aim and conclution in his research?
The aim was to use salivary conditioning method to investigate the function of higher animals in their adaptations to their external environment.
He concluded that if a particular stimulus in dogs surrounding was presented when the dog was given food that stimulus could become associated with food and couse salivation
•This is classical conditioning
•Meat is unconditional stimulus
•Salivation is the unconditional response
•The bell was conditioning stimulus
•Salivation was conditional response
What was the aim and conclution of skinner’s research method?
The aim was to analyse animal behaviour by detecting when an animal was performed a disired behaviour and administrating reaward
Skinner concluded that operant conditioning theory can be used to change behaviour
•Behaviour will have consequences
•Reinforcement is a lot more effective than punishment
Uses of behaviourism?
Study habit formation. [ it takes 3 to 8 months for behaviour to become a habit.]
A01
•Psychologists should only study obseverable quantifiable behaviour
•All behaviour is learned
•Humans are the the same as animals and should not be regarded as complex
•Research on animal animal behaviour is directly relevant to humans
Positive reinforcement
•This is when a behaviour is followed by a desirable consequence [reward] and its more likely to repeat
What is negative reinforcement ?
When a behaviour is followed by a removal of an adverse consequence and is more likely to be repeated
What is punishment?
When a behaviour is followed by an unpleasant consequence and is less likely to be repeated.
