Bell Ringer 2 Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are the muscles for mastication you can see from the crania and where are they
Temporalis muscles
Masseter-zygoma to the inferior aspect of the ramus
Teeth orientation
Mesial- closer to the midline
Distal-further from the midline
Occlusal morphology y-5 and codes
Protoconoid-prd
Metaconoid=med
Hypoconoid =hyd
Entoconoid =entd
Hypoconuloid=hyld
Upper molars
Protocone=pr
Paracone=pa
Metacone=me
Hypocone=hy
Pan and gorillla dentition
-rounded cusps mean soft fruit frugivory
-cresty cusps means fall back folivory
-both thinly enameled
Two minor muscles of mastication
Lateral pterygoid (upper)
Medial pterygoid (lower)
Muscle fibres and directionality
Superiority-inferioly
Bring mandible straight up with contraction
Temporalis in gorillas and primates
Fibres oriented more posteriorly
-have saggital crest to occipital
-leave a lot space for fibres of temporalis
-grinding
-large front teeth
Pongo teeth
Hard tough object feeders
Flatter EDJ
Thick enamel
Mechanical properties to teeth
-enamel = hardest bodily substance
-endures wear
Resists crushing
-gets the process of digestion started
-dentin softer then enamel
Frugivores
Ekembo
Dryopithecines
Pan
-large front teeth
-low rounded cusps
-broad, shallow basins
Hard object feeders
Afropithecus
Middle Miocene
Ouranopithecus
Sivapithecus
-thick enamel
-large molars -premolars
-decussation-enamel prisms (enamel grows in prisms from EDJ, they can twist like a helix. More resistant to breakage)
Foliovores
Oreopithecus
-small front teeth
-tall, pointy cusps
-deep basins
-processes with back teeth
Shearing quotients
Crests
Sum of the length of the crests divided by the length of the overall tooth
Folvore vs hard object feeder teeth damage
Mostly fine scratches
Larger, more frequent pits
Monkey to ape skeletal postures
Deep thorax
shoulder under the body
forelimb and hind limbs of equal length
long mobile back
shallow humoral trochlea
long olecranon process
oval radius
long ulnar styloid
stable wrist
short straight digits
Palmigrade
Broad thorax
lateral shoulder
long forelimbs
short stiff back
humoral trochlea
short olecranon process
round radius
short ulnar styloid
large mobile hands
suspensory
powerful curved digits
strong robust hind limbs
mobile feet
Ulna
Radial facet
Olecranon process
Trochlear notch
Interosseus crest
Styloid process
Numerous
Trochlear notch
Zona conoidea
Capitulum
Femur
Neck elongated
Femoral head large
-mobility
Tibia
Plateau faces parallel or posteriorly
Prominent malleolus =less mobility
