Benchmark 1

Question 0

Jamestown cash crop

Answer 0

Tobacco

Question 1

Beringia

Answer 1

Dry land that connected Asia with the North America (Alaska). Exposed during the ice ages and people from Asia crossed it in search of food

Question 2

Great awakening

Answer 2

Religious movement that stressed dependence on god and gained wide appeal among farmers, workers, and slaves. Pietism, revivals, Johnathon Edwards, George Whitefield, undermined allegiance to traditional authority

Question 3

Southern economy

Answer 3

Based on commercial agriculture. Cash crops: tobacco, rice, and indigo. Plantations created

Question 4

First permanent English settlement

Answer 4

Jamestown

Question 5

Navigation Acts

Answer 5

All goods imported or exported from the colonies to be on English ships with 3/4 English crew. Specific goods could only be sold to England. Frustrated colonists.

Question 6

Mayflower compact

Answer 6

By signing this document, the pilgrims wanted to set up a legal basis for their new colony

Question 7

House of Burgesses

Answer 7

First representative government in the colonies (VA)

Question 8

John Locke

Answer 8

Two Treatises of Gov’t- said that all people were born with certain natural rights. People agreed to obey govt and its laws, and govt agreed to uphold their rights in return

Question 9

Natural rights

Answer 9

Life, liberty, and property -John Locke

Question 10

St. Augustine

Answer 10

Founded by Spanish in 1565 to protect their claim to the region after France tried to settle the Carolinas. The city prospered and became first permanent town est. by the Europeans in what is today the US.

Question 11

Mercantilism

Answer 11

Popular idea in the 1600s and 1700s. Believed to be wealthy and powerful a country must get gold and silver. Sell more goods than buy. Self sufficient in raw materials.

Question 12

MA bay colony

Answer 12

William and Mary’s 1691 charter combined the MA bay colony, Plymouth colony, and Maine into the colony of MA

Question 13

First continental congress

Answer 13

Sept. 5, 1774- Philadelphia. 55 delegates represented 12 of colonies. After the tea party. Created declaration of rights and grievances.

Question 14

Townshend acts

Answer 14

1767- one of these acts was the revenue act of 1767 which legalized writs of assistance

Question 15

Albany plan of union

Answer 15

Ben Franklin- proposed colonies unite to form federal govt. Rejected by colonies.

Question 16

Lexington and concord

Answer 16

1775- British soldiers fired at and killed some minutemen in Lexington and fought colonial militia in concord. Revere, Dawes, and Prescott warned the cities. British trapped in Boston by May 1775

Question 17

Causes of French and Indian War

Answer 17

Britain and France fighting over Ohio river valley

Question 18

Isaac Sears

Answer 18

Organized sons of liberty

Question 19

Second continental congress

Answer 19

Met after Lexington and concord. Adopted militia surrounding Boston (continental army). June 15, 1775 George Washington appointed as general and commander in chief

Question 20

Treaty of Paris

Answer 20

Ended French and Indian war in 1763

Question 21

Intolerable acts

Answer 21

Coercive acts and Quebec act

Question 22

Proclamation of 1763

Answer 22

Drew line from north to south along the Appalachian mountains and declared that the colonists couldn’t settle west of the line without British govts permission

Question 23

Cause of boston tea party

Answer 23

Tea act of 1773, colonists didn’t want tea ships to land on harbor

Question 24

Common Sense

Answer 24

Thomas Paine- attacked king George III, influenced colonist's desire for independence.

Question 25

Paul revere

Answer 25

Spread alarm that British were coming to Lexington

Question 26

Battle of Saratoga

Answer 26

American victory was turning point in war. Improved American morale and convinced France to send troops to American cause

Question 27

Sugar act

Answer 27

Indirect tax- British officials could seize goods without due process

Question 28

Effects of crusades

Answer 28

Revolutionized European society and encouraged a new desire for exploration. Feudalism, manorialism, serfs, brought Western Europeans in contact with Muslim and Byzantine civilizations, trade with Asia led to exploration

Question 29

Renaissance

Answer 29

Marked a renewed commitment to learning and helped to trigger a scientific revolution

Question 30

Columbus

Answer 30

Sailed across Atlantic looking for western route to Asia, landed in Caribbean (San Salvador island)

Question 31

Reformation

Answer 31

Martin Luther, John Calvin. Pope wouldn't annul king Henry III's marriage so he broke with the Catholic Church and formed the Anglican Church

Question 32

Conquistadors

Answer 32

Explores sent by Cortés to conquer the rest of new Spain

Question 33

Columbian exchange

Answer 33

Trade between Europe and America allowing for the two areas to interact

Question 34

Magna Carta

Answer 34

Contained John Locke's ideas about natural rights

Question 35

Montesquieu

Answer 35

Wrote spirit of the laws, suggested three types of political power (executive, legislative, and judicial) with checks and balances

Question 36

Olive branch petition

Answer 36

Written by John Dickinson, stating that the colonies were still loyal to the king and asked for George III to call off hostilities until the situation could be worked out peacefully

Question 37

Patrick Henry

Answer 37

Give me liberty or give me death

Question 38

Samuel Adams

Answer 38

Drafted circular letter in 1768 for MA assembly against townshend acts

Question 39

Valley forge

Answer 39

Dark hour for patriots who didn't know if they could defeat Britain

Question 40

Northwest passage

Answer 40

Northern route through North America to the Pacific Ocean. King Francis I sent Giovanni da Verrazano to map North America's coastline to find this

Question 41

Enlightenment

Answer 41

Challenged authority of church in science and philosophy while elevating the power of human reason. Rationalism, John Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau

Question 42

English bill of rights

Answer 42

Abolish kings absolute power to suspend laws and create his own courts, etc.

Question 43

Social contract theory

Answer 43

Rousseau- govt should be formed by the consent of the people who would make their own laws