Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MSK > Benign and Malignant Bone Tumours > Flashcards

Benign and Malignant Bone Tumours Flashcards

(80 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Osteochondroma

A

Most common benign tumour

Bony outgrowth on the external surface of bone which is surrounded by a cartilaginous cap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Osteochondroma Common Sites

A

Epiphysis of long bones

Most commonly around the knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Osteochondroma Symptoms

A

Asymptomatic

Local Pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

osteochondroma Treatment

A

If growing in size or producing pain

- Excisional Biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Osteochondroma Associations

A

Multiple osteotomy may be associated with an underlying genetic disorder
Small risk of malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Enchondroma

A

Intramedullary metaphysical cartilaginous tumour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Enchondroma Common Sites

A

Small tubular bones of hands and feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Enchondroma Symptoms

A

Asymptomatic

Can weaken bones leading to pathological fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Enchondroma Appearance on Imaging

A

Usually Lucent but may undergo mineralisation to give a sclerotic appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Enchondroma Treatment

A

Curettage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Simple Bone Cyst

A

Unicystic Solitary Fluid Filled Neoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Simple Bone Cyst Aetiology

A

Growth defect in physis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Simple Bone Cyst Common Sites

A

metaphysical in long bones
Talus
Calcaneus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Simple Bone Cyst Symptoms

A

Asymptomatic

Can lead to weakness and pathological feature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Simple Bone Cyst Treatment

A

Curettage
Bone Grafting
Stabilisation may be required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Aneurysmal Bone Cyst

A

Lesion of bone containing many blood/ serum filled chambers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Aetiology

A

Small Atriovenous Malformations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Common Sites

A

metaphysis of long bones
Flat bones
Vertebral bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Symptoms

A

Pain
- Due to cortical expansion and bone destruction

Pathological feature
- Due to bone weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Treatment

A

Curettage
Grafting
Bone cement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Giant Cell Tumour Common Sites

A

metaphysis
Epiphysis
Around the knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Giant Cell Tumours Symptoms

A

pain
- as locally destructive to cortex

Pathological fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Giant Cell Tumours Aetiology

A

Translocation between chromosome 1 and 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Giant Cell Tumours Appearance soon Imaging

A

‘Soap Bubble’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Giant Cell Tumours Associations
Can metastasis to lungs | - benign pulmonary Ct
26
Giant Cell Tumour Treatment
Intralesional excision - Use off phenol, bone cement or. liquid nitrogen to destroy any remaining tumour Aggressive forms may need joint replacement
27
Fibrous Dysplasia
A disease of bone resulting from a genetic mutation that causes lesion of fibrous tissue and immature bone
28
Fibrous dysplasia epidemiology
Adolescents
29
Fibrous Dysplasia Common Sites
Head and neck
30
Fibrous Dysplasia Aetiology
Genetic mutation causes abnormalities in proteins involved in the G-protein signalling pathway
31
Fibrous Dysplasia Symptoms
Endocrine Symptoms Stress fractures - Due to angular deformities Shepherd's Crook Deformities - Due to extensive involvement of the proximal femur
32
Fibrous Dysplasia Treatment
Biphosphonates Stabilisation of pathological fractures - internal fixation - cortical bone grafting NO intralesional excision due to high recurrence rate
33
Osteoid Osteoma
Small nidus of immature bone surrounded by an intense sclerotic halo which secretes prostaglandins
34
Osteoid Osteoma Epidemiology
Adolescents
35
osteoid osteoma common sites
Proximal femur Diaphysis of long bones Vertebrae
36
osteoid Osteoma Symptoms
Constant pain | - worse at night
37
Osteoid Osteoma Investigations
Bone Scan | CT
38
Osteoid Osteoma Treatment
NSAIDs | Excision
39
Brodies Abscess
Intraosseous abscess as a result of subacute osteomyelitis
40
Brodies Abscess Aetiology
Staph Aureus Infection
41
Brodies Abscess Appearance on Imaging
Lytic Lesion
42
Brodies Abscess Symptoms
Localized pain - Night time - Relieved by NSAIDs
43
Brodies Abscess Common Sites
Metaphysis of long bones
44
Brodies Abscess Treatment
Surgical Exacuation and curettage | - Under antibiotic cover
45
Brown Tumours Aetiology
Hyperparathyroidism
46
Brown Tumours Appearance on Imaging
Lytic Lesion
47
Brown Tumours Treatment
Treatment of parathyroidism
48
osteosarcoma
Most common primary malignant bone tumour Malignant bone tumour that produces bone
49
osteosarcoma Associations
Retinoblastoma gene
50
Osteosarcoma Epidemiology
Younger patients
51
Osteosarcoma common sites
Knee metastases common - through haematogenous sprea - 10% have pulmonary metastases at time of diagnosis
52
Osteosarcoma Symptoms
Constant. pain worse at night Loss of appetitie Weight loss Fatigue
53
Osteosarcoma treatment
Chemotherapy | - Palliative/ prolonging
54
Chondrosarcoma
Cartilage producing primary bone tumour
55
Chondrosarcoma epidemiology
Older patients (~45)
56
Chondrosarcoma Symptoms
Back or thigh pain Sciatica Bladder symptoms Unilateral Oedema
57
Chondrosarcoma Common Sites
Proximal femur Pelvis - Very large and slow to metastasise
58
Ewing's sarcoma
Primary bone tumour of uncertain origin Small round blue cell tumour
59
Ewing's sarcoma Epidemiology
-Teenagers
60
Ewing's sarcoma Aetiology
Associated with translocation between chromosomes 11 and 22 involving the Ewing sarcoma gene moon C22
61
Ewing's sarcoma Common Sites
Long bones | - Femur
62
Ewing's sarcoma Symptoms
Fever Raised inflammatory markers Warm swelling in affected area
63
Ewing sarcoma on X-ray
Onion Skin
64
Ewing sarcoma Treatment
Chemotherapy | Radiotherapy
65
Lymphoma
Cancer of round cells of the lymphocytic system and macrophages which can occur as a primary bone tumour from bone marrow or the lymphoma may metastasise to bone
66
Primary lymphoma of bone
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Affects pelvis or femur Surgical resection
67
Metastatic Lymphoma
lymphadenopathy Splenomegaly Treatment: Chemotherapy and radiotherapy
68
Myeloma
Malignant clonal proliferation of abnormal plasma cells which arise from bone marrow
69
Myeloma Types
Solitary Lesion - Plasmacytoma Multiple Lesions -0 Multiple Myeloma
70
Myeloma Epidemiology
Aged 45-65
71
Myeloma Symptoms
``` Weakness Back pain Bone pain Weight loss Fatigue Anaemia ```
72
myeloma Diagnosis
Plasma Protein Electrophoresis Early morning urine collection for Bence Protein Assay
73
Myeloma appearance on imaging
no metastases may be seen on bone scan as there is not usually an osteoblastic response to the osteoclastic activity
74
Myeloma Treatment
Plasmacytoma - Radiotherapy Multiple Myeloma - Chemotherapy
75
Primary Bone Tumour Mets
``` Vertebrae Pelvis Ribs Skull Humerus Long bones of lower limb ```
76
Mets from other sites
Breast Prostate Lung Renal
77
breast metastases
Sclerotic or lytic
78
Prostate metastases
Sclerotic Pathological features more likely to heal due to high osteoblast activity Hormonal therapy and radiotherapy can reduce chance of mets
79
Lung metastases
Lytic
80
Renal Metastases
Large vascular lytic 'blow out' mets Surgery or biopsy may cause severe bleeding 1 bony met may be treated with nephrectomy.

MSK (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions