Benign Disease Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is Mastitis?
Inflammation of the breast tissue
Most common causative organism in mastitis ?
Staph Aureus
Clinical features of mastitis?
Tenderness
Swelling
Hardening
Erythema over the area of infection
Management of Mastitis?
Systemic antibiotic therapy and simple analgesics
Recommendation to continue breast feeding
What is a breast cyst?
Fluid filled cavity formed when the lobules become distended due to blockage
Clinical features of a breast cyst?
Lumps
On palpation they appear as distinct smooth masses that are mobile and soft
Management of breast cyst ?
No management required
Reassurance
Will self resolve
What is mammary duct ecstasia?
Dilation and shortening of the major lactiferous ducts
Clinical features of mammary duct ecstasia?
Greeny yellow nipple discharge
Palpable mass
What process occurs in fat necrosis?
Acute inflammatory process leading to ischaemic necrosis of fat lobules
What is the main cause of fat necrosis ?
Trauma
What is Gynaecomastia?
Condition in which males develop breast tissue
What are the physiological causes of gynaecomastia?
Delayed testosterone surge at puberty relative to oestrogen
Decreasing testosterone levels with age
What are the pathological causes of gynaecomastia?
Lack of testosterone (klinefelters, androgen insensitivity, testicular atrophy, renal disease)
Increased oestrogen levels (obesity, adrenal tumours, hyperthyroidism, liver disease)
Medication (anabolic steroids, spironolactone)
Types of benign breast tumours?
Fibroadenomas
Adenomas
Lipomas
Papillomas
Phyllodes tumours
What is the most common benign growth of the breast?
Fibroadenoma
A woman presents with a lump less than 1cm away from her nipple. What does this indicate?
Intraductal papilloma
Difference between benign and malignant lesions on palpation
Benign - smooth, mobile
Malignant - hard, irregular, firm, fixed
Paget’s disease vs dermatitis
Paget’s disease affects the nipple itself - flaky skin and erythema
Dermatitis affects the areolae and usually excludes the nipple itself
