Benign Disorders of Female Reproductive Tract Flashcards

Question

S/S FPR ATOPIC VAGINITIS

Answer 1

* Discharge * IrritatioN

Answer 2

Alkaline Ph

Answer 3

* Vaginal estrogen * Relieve dryness

Answer 4

Allergies Diabetes, HIV infection Long-term or repeated antibiotics use Low estrogen levels Oral–genital contact (yeast) & GI Tract) Perimenopause/Menopause Poor personal hygiene, Frequent douching Pregnancy Pre-menarche Sex with infected partner Synthetic clothing Tight undergarments Use of oral contraceptives

Answer 5

1. BARTOLIN (VULVAR) CYSTS 2. OVARIAN CYST

Answer 6

BARTOLIN (VULVAR) CYSTS

Answer 7

1. Infection * Gonococcal * E-Coli * Staph Aureus

Answer 8

1. Women > 40yrs 2. Increase risk of MALIGNANCY

Answer 9

* Non-infected, small (<5cm – no S/S) * Redness, Localized pain * Difficulty sitting or walking * Unilateral Swelling (posterior vulva) * Cysts brown or sanguineous * Inguinal lymphadenopathy

Answer 10

1. SKENE DUCT CYSTS 2. VESTIBULAR CYSTS

Answer 11

* pressure * dyspareunia * altered urinary stream * pain

Answer 12

*Typically, benign *NEED evaluation if postmenopausal 1. Spontaneous rupture in 72 h. 2. Cultures 3. Moist heat or sitz baths 4. Laser, ablation - silver nitrate 5. I&D or word catheter 6. Marsupialization (make small pouch) 7. Gland removal

Answer 13

1. Follicular cysts 2. Corpus Luteum cysts 3. Theca-Lutein Cysts

Answer 14

Acute pain when ruptured.

Answer 15

* Follicle doesn’t rupture at ovulation * Rarely >5 cm diameter * Prepubertal & during reproductive age * Rare after menopause.

Answer 16

* Fails to degenerate after 14 D * Cystic or hemorrhagic

Answer 17

* least common * associated with HYDATIDIFORM MOLE. * Abnormally HIGH LEVELS of hCG * Associated with hydatidiform mole, choriocarcinoma, PCOS, & Clomid therapy.

Answer 18

* Acute or chronic abdominal pain, Bloating * Irregular menses * Infertility * Acute pelvic pain

Answer 19

* Pressure on abdominal organs * Ruptured cyst SIMILAR TO Ruptured appendix

Answer 20

ULTRA SOUND

Answer 21

* Self-limiting & Resolve spontaneously * OCPs

Answer 22

* D&C- dialation and curettage (removes tissue from INSIDE uterus (ENDOMETRIUM) * Cryotherapy- freeze * TAH- total abdominal hysterectomy * BSO- bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

Answer 23

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Answer 24

* Hyperandrogenemia- excess production of MALE hormones (ie testosterone) * Hyperinsulinemia- high amnts of inuslin

Answer 25

* Hirsutism * Alopecia * Virilization – Elevated androgen * Polycystic ovaries (12 or more) * Obesity * Insulin resistance * Metabolic Syndrome (*group of condition raising risk for coronary heart disease, DM, stroke, etc)* -Abdominal obesity (waist >35 in) -Triglyceridemia >150 mg/dl -HLD <50 mg/dl *Psychological impact *Follicular atresia *Amenorrhea, Anovulation, Infertility *DM-2, HTN

Answer 26

1. TWO of the following criteria: * Hyperandrogenism (testosterone excess, hirsutism) * Ovarian dysfunction (anovulation) * Detection of PCO morphology 2. Pregnancy test - Ectopic pregnancy 3. Elevated LH 4. Elevated C-reactive protein 5. Prothrombotic state - Elevated PAI-1 & fibrinogen levels 6. Gonorrhea & chlamydia – abscess 7. Transvaginal US – Diff. fluid-filled cysts from solid masses.

Answer 27

* Uterine fibroids * Depression * Adverse pregnancy outcomes * Neonatal complications * DM, CVD (cardiovascular disease) * Cancer – endometrial, ovarian, breast

Answer 28

1. Oral contraceptives: to treat menstrual irregularities and acne 2. Mechanical hair removal (shaving, waxing, plucking, or electrolysis): to treat hirsutism 3. Glucophage (metformin): which improves insulin uptake by fat and muscle cells, to treat hyperinsulinemia; 4. thiazolidinediones (Actos, Avandia): to decrease insulin resistance 5. Ovulation induction agents (Clomid): to treat infertility 6. Lifestyle changes (e.g., weight loss, exercise, balanced low-fat diet)

Answer 29

PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE (PID)

Answer 30

uteral lining

Answer 31

Connective tissue

Answer 32

Fallopian tubes

Answer 33

* Adolescence or young adulthood * Multiple sex partners * Early onset of sexual activity * History of PID or STI * Sexual intercourse at an early age * Alcohol or drug use * Contact partner – untreated * Recent insertion of an IUC * Nulliparity * Cigarette smoking * Recent termination of pregnancy * Lack of consistent condom use * Lack of contraceptive use * Douching * Prostitution

Answer 34

*** Lower abdominal tenderness * Adnexal tenderness * Cervical motion tenderness. ** * Mucopurulent discharge * Temp. >101° F * Prolonged or heavy mens. bleeding * Dysmenorrhea * Dysuria * Dyspareunia * Nausea * Vomiting

Answer 35

* Elevated ESR * Elevated CRP * N. gonorrhoeae or C. trachomatis * WBCs on vaginal smear

Answer 36

* Endometrial biopsy * Transvaginal US * Laparoscopi

Answer 37

* Rocephin 1 gm single injection IM * Doxycycline 100 mg bid X 14 D * Pregnancy - cefotaxime, azithromycin, & metronidazole -14 days * Hospitalization -If severely ill, high fever -Tubo-ovarian abscess -Immunocompromised -Protracted vomiting * IV ABT (antibiotics) * Increase oral fluids * Bed rest * Pain management. * Follow-up - to Validate NO infection

Answer 38

* Ectopic pregnancy * Pelvic abscess * Subfertility * Recurrent or chronic * Chronic abdominal pain * Pelvic adhesions * Depression

Answer 39

* Educate * Medications - completing antibiotic therapy * Prevention * Proper perineal care * F/U after IUC * Nutrition, exercise, weight control, & safer sex practices * Symptoms **TO REPORT** health care provider: -Pelvic pain or abnormal discharge -(Post-coital, childbirth, or pelvic surgery) * Unusual vaginal discharge or odor * S/S of ectopic pregnancy) - DEEP pelvic Pain -Abnormal bleeding -Delayed menses -Faintness, dizziness, and shoulder pain * Yearly Well women Exam * Sources of support (e.g., friends, relatives, faith community).

Answer 40

1. INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME 2. Rare but serious condition that is casude by infection with certain types of bacteria. - Staph Aureus - MRSA - Streptococcus pyogenes 3. Acute, life-threatening condition

Answer 41

Shutting down.

Answer 42

* Tampon use (Don’t USE >4 to 8 hrs- USE (lowest absorbency) * Surgical wound infections * Nonsurgical local infections * Post partum & nonmenstrual vaginal conditions * Diaphragm- vaginal contraceptive sponge * Affects women <30- higher risk. * **Occurs when somthing is UNTREATED**

Answer 43

* Sudden temp. 102.0° F [38.9° C] or HIGHER) * Pharyngeal infection; strawberry tongue * Hypotension * AMS (altered mental status) * Macular erythroderma (generalized or local) * Peripheral edema (legs, feet) * Vaginal hyperemia & purulent vaginal discharge * Cardiac arrhythmias * Pericarditis- infection; enters blood and travels to other body parts. * Oliguria- low urine output * Organ failure

Answer 44

* Vaginal discharge culture * UA (pyuria, myoglobinuria, **increased** WBCs) * **Increased** BUN * **Low** Serum albumin, Ca, Phos * Leukocytosis or leukopenia * Thrombocytopenia * **Prolonged** PT, aPTT * **Increased** cr. (serum) * **Increased** LFTS * **Positive** blood culture * CXR

Answer 45

* General * Diet * Activity - Bed rest * Medications * IV antibiotics **(in COMBO)** * Dopamine or vasopressin * Immune globulin intravenous * Aggressive fluid resuscitation * Electrolyte replacement therapy * Fresh frozen plasma or platelet * Antipyretics * Analgesics for pain

Answer 46

* Examination and irrigation of recent surgical wounds * Debridement of infectious tissue

Answer 47

Prevention! * Sanitary pads instead of tampons * Change tampons q 3-6 hrs * Avoid super absorbent tampons * Hand washing/ perineal hygiene * Follow instructions for contraceptive products (sponges, diaphragms) * Know the s/s of toxic shock and remove tampon if s/s occur

Answer 48

* **abnormal openings** between a genital tract organ and another organ, such as the urinary tract or the gastrointestinal tract. * A fistula can result from a congenital anomaly, surgical complications, Bartholin gland abscesses, radiation, or malignancy * The majority of fistulas that occur worldwide are related to obstetric trauma and female genital cutting

Answer 49

1. Vesicovaginal - Bladder & vagina 2. Rectovaginal – Rectum & vagina 3. Urethrovaginal: Urethra & vagina **Name of fistula indicates 2 areas that are connected abnormally**

Answer 50

* Fix fistula - Surgery * Treat infection * Treat excoriation (scrapd, abraded) * Proper nutrition * Cleansing douches, & enemas * Rest & antibiotics

Answer 51

LEIOMYOMAS (Uterine Fibroids)

Answer 52

* Intracavitary (lining of uterus) * Intramural (within muscle wall) * Serosal (outside surface of uterus)

Answer 53

1. Affects Age 25 & 40 yrs. 2. Related to Anovulatory cycles & High levels of unopposed estrogen

Answer 54

* Age (late repro. yrs.) * Genetic predisposition * African American ethnicity * Hypertension * Nulliparity * Polycystic ovary syndrome * Diabetes * Obesity

Answer 55

* Chronic pelvic & Low back pain * Bloating, Constipation * Infertility (IF large) * Dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia * Miscarriage * Sciatica * Dyspareunia * Urinary frequency, urgency, incontinence * Pelvic heaviness

Answer 56

* Diagnosis: * Pelvic exam * Bimanual Exam (enlarged, irregular uterus) * MRI, Ultra sound (US)

Answer 57

1. Watch closely - minimal symptoms 2. Medications- help shrink fibroids (limited use) * Pain medications * Birth control pills * GTRH agonists leuprolide (Lupron)- stop ovulation & production of estrogen * Low-dose mifepristone, a progestin antagonist 3. Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE) - block circulation to fibroid 4. Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRGFUS) -*creates coagulative necrosis, which destroys fibroids by using high-intensity ultrasound that directs focused ultrasound waves through the skin.* 5. Surgical * Myomectomy * Laser Surgery * Hysterectomy

Answer 58

Hysterectomy

Answer 59

* Cancer, non-malignant growth, * Pelvic relaxation and prolapse * Injury to uterus * Dysfunctional uterine bleeding * Endometriosis * Large fibroids

Answer 60

1. Total hysterectomy (removal of uterus & cervix) 2. TAH-BSO (Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy)

Answer 61

* Vaginal * Laparoscopic * Robotic assisted * Abdominal

Answer 62

* Instruct about procedure & postop. care * interventions to reduce anxiety * Teach turning, deep breathing, & coughing * Encourage expression of feelings

Answer 63

1. Provide comfort measures. 2. Administer analgesics & antiemetics 3. Position frequently 4. Assess incision, dressing, vaginal bleeding ** (REPORT soaking 1pad/1hr.)** 5. I & O 6. VTE prophylaxis 7. Monitor vital signs

Answer 64

* Avoid fatigue & increase activity slowly * Pelvic rest (nothing in vagina) for 6 wks. * Avoid heavy lifting or straining for 6 wks. * Teach S/S of infection. * Showers, NO tub baths * Eat a healthy diet * Encourage fluids & fiber * Change her perineal pad frequently * Follow-up care * Community resources

Answer 65

Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP)

Answer 66

1. Cystocele 2. Rectocele 3. Enterocele 4. Uterine Prolapse | The four most common types of **pelvic or genital prolapse** are cystoce

Answer 67

1. Trauma from childbirth: prolonged 2nd stage of labor 2. Instrument assisted 3. Lacerations and/or episiotomies 4. heavy lifting, obesity, aging and congenital anomalies 5. hormone may also contribute

Answer 68

* Difficulty emptying bladder * feeling of fullness * frequency/urgency * REcurrent UTIs * Stress incontinence

Answer 69

1. Pessary: Surgery for severe symptoms—Designed to tighten the vaginal wall 2. Anterior Colporrhapy. **GRADED BASED ON SEVERITY OF 1-3 SCALE**

Answer 70

1. Asymptomatic 2. Constipation 3. Hemorrhoids 4. Impaction 5. Rectal or Vaginal fullness 6. Rectal bleeding ## Footnote 1. weakening between the front wall of the rectum and vagina resulting in the rectum ballooning into the vagina during defecation. 2. Causes: difficult childbirth, weakening of pelvic support structures

Answer 71

1. POSTERIOR COLPORRHAPHY 2. PERINEORRHAPHY

Answer 72

Enterocele

Answer 73

1. Pelvic fullness 2. Pressure or Pain 3. Back Pain eases when lying 4. Soft bulge in vagina 5. Vaginal Discomfort 6. Painful intercourse.

Answer 74

1. Pessary: Surgery for severe symptoms—Designed to tighten the vaginal wall 2. SUREGERY

Answer 75

UTERINE prolapse

Answer 76

0: No descent during straining I: prolapsed organ is >1 cm above hymenal ring II: prolapsed organ 1 cm below hymenal ring III: prolapsed organ 2 to 3 cm below hymenal ring IV: prolapsed organ >3 cm below Hymenal ring ## Footnote In the book this falls under UTERINE PROLAPSE. P238.

Answer 77

1. Constant downward gravity 2. Atrophy & weakening of pelvic support 3. Reproductive surgery 4. Instrumental childbirth 5. Multiparity 6. Uncontrolled rapid birth 7. Family history of POP 8. Young age at first birth 9. Connective tissue disorders 10. Infant birth weight of >4,500 g 11. Pelvic radiation 12. Increased abdominal pressure R/T * Heavy lifting * Straining (constipation, coughing) * Obesity

Answer 78

* Inability to have frequent intercourse * Dyspareunia * Incontinence during sexual activity

Answer 79

1. Pressure or heaviness in vagina 2. Vaginal or perineal ’PAIN’ 3. Low back pain AFTER prolonged standing 4. Palpable bulge in vaginal vault 5. Difficulty in walking 6. Difficulty inserting or keeping a tampon in place 7. Vaginal/Cervical mucosa (hypertrophy, excoriation, ulceration, bleeding) 8. Abdominal pressure or pain

Answer 80

PHYSICAL EXAMS: 1. Perform the Valsalva maneuver (bearing down) * Note which organ prolapses first * Any urine leakage 2. Bimanual exam - ask to contract PELVIC muscles * Assess strength & symmetry of contraction. 3. Determine postvoid residual with a catheter. * > 100 ml of retained urine - refer urologist

Answer 81

UA- Infection

Answer 82

**FIRST-LINE** 1. Conservative * Pelvic floor muscle exercises (PFMEs) or * Kegel * Weight loss * Avoidance of straining * Avoid heavy lifting heavy * Rx chronic cough & constipation * Abdominal Binder * Avoid high-impact aerobics, jogging, or jumping 2. Estrogen replacement therapy 3. Dietary & lifestyle modifications 4. Use of a pessary 5. Surgery * Anterior or post. colporrhaphy (cystocele or rectocele) * Vaginal hysterectomy (uterine) 1st degree prolapse

Answer 83

(ring1. Promote prevention strategies 2. Encourage pelvic floor exercises 3. Encourage dietary & lifestyle modifications 4. Provide teaching for PESSARY (plastic device- lifts bladder or compresses urethra) * Side effects - increased vaginal discharge, UTI, vaginitis, odor * Reduce odor – douch with dilute vinegar or hydrogen peroxide * Postmenopausal - use estrogen cream * Remove pessary twice weekly & clean with * soap & water * Using a lubricant for insertion 5. Regular F/U Q6 to 12 M | Nursing care Plan 7.1 ## Footnote image of PESSARY devices.

Answer 84

FSH- FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE.

Answer 85

1. STIMULATES FOLLICULAR GROWTH 2. STIMULATES ESTROGEN SECRETION (FROM DEVELOPING FOLLICLES)

Answer 86

1. DEVELOPMENT OF ENDOMETRIUM 2. STIMULATES LH SECRETION (FOLLICULAR PHASE) 3. INHIBITS LH AND FSH (LUTEAL PHASE)

Answer 87

LH- luteinizing hormone

Answer 88

1. Surge causes ovulation 2. Development of corpus luteum 3. Stimulates progesterone Secretion

Answer 89

Progesterone

Answer 90

1. THICKENING OF ENDOMETRIUM 2. INHIBITS LH AND FSH (LUTEAL PHASE)

Answer 91

CONTRACEPTION

Answer 92

1. Behavioral methods 2. Barrier methods 3. hormonal methods 4. permanent methods.

Answer 93

*** Days 8–19 MOST fertile ** 1. Abstinence 2. Fertility awareness–based (FAMs) - Cost very little to use. -Calendar (Rhythm) -Standard days method -Avoid days 8-19 of cycle -Basal body temperature (BBT) -Cervical mucus—Ovulation 3. Withdrawal (coitus interruptus) – 18-20% Failure 4. Lactational amenorrhea method (LAM)

Answer 94

1. CHEMICAL BARRIERS 2. MECHANICAL BARRIERS

Answer 95

1. Spermicides * Creams, gels, foams, foaming tablets, suppositories & vaginal films * Must be applied before intercourse & wait 15 min but NOT > 60 min.

Answer 96

1. **Male condom**—Watch for latex allergy 2. **Female condom**—(Vaginal Pouch) 3. **Sponge**—Contraception for 24 hrs. 4. **Diaphragm**—soft latex or silicone - Up to 2 hrs. before & at least 6 hours after -Refit for weight loss or gain of 10 lb. or more. -Should be replaced every **1 to 2 years** -Must be prescribed & fitted by HCP 5. **Cervical cap** -*Smaller* than diaphragm -Place: Up to 36 hrs. before sex & 6 hrs. after sex -Provides protection for 48 hrs. -Replaced **YEARLY** -Must be fitted by HCP

Answer 97

* Oral Contraceptives (OCPs) * Contraceptive vaginal ring - NuvaRing * Transdermal contraceptive patch - Ortho Evra * Hormone injections - Depo-Provera (Q3 mths) * Long-acting Reversible Contraceptives (LARCs) -Nexplanon & IUS * Emergency contraceptive - Plan B “the morning after pill”

Answer 98

Suppress ovulation by **adding** estrogen & progesterone to a woman’s body thus mimicking pregnancy. * This hormonal level stifles GnRH, which in turn suppresses FSH and LH and thus inhibits ovulation. * Cervical mucus also thickens, which hinders sperm transport into the uterus. * Implantation is inhibited by suppression of the maturation of the endometrium and alterations of uterine secretions

Answer 99

1. Combination Pill 2. Progestin ONLY Pills (POPs)

Answer 100

* Prescribed as 'Monophasic pills' or 'Multiphasic Pills' * 'Monophasic pills' - Deliver **fixed** **dosages **of ESTROGEN and PROGESTIN * 'Multiphasic Pills' **alter the amount** of progestin and estrogen each cycle. ## Footnote women age 35 or women who smoke CAN NOT take combination pill- has estrogen

Answer 101

* Contain progestin only * sometimes called MINI-PILLS * appropriate for women who CANNOT or should not take estrogen in combined OCs * Thicken of the cervical mucus to prevent penetration of the sperm and make the endometrium unfavorable for implantation.

Answer 102

1. Women age 35 2. Women who smoke.

Answer 103

* Take at same time everyday * Interactions - effectiveness decreased with ABT * What to do if a pill is missed?

Answer 104

* Increased risk for VTE (Venous thromboembolism- blood clot forms in vein) * Avoid OC for 3-6 wks. * progestin does not affect milk production

Answer 105

Remember ACHES: * **Abdominal pain**: may indicate liver or gallbladder problems * **Chest pain or shortness of breath**: may indicate a pulmonary embolus * **Headaches**: may indicate hypertension or impending stroke * **Eye problem**: may indicate hypertension or an attack * **Severe leg pain**: may indicate a thromboembolic event

Answer 106

Depo-Provera

Answer 107

Progesterone only

Answer 108

* Injectible every 3-months via IM * works at the hypothalamic/pituitary level to stop the hormonal cycle. * supresses production of FSH & LH in pituitary increasing the viscosity of cervical mucus and causing endometrial atrophy. * FDA warning: Usage of Over 2 years may impact bone mineral density (bone loss)

Answer 109

* Menstrual cycle disturbances * Depression * Acne * Weight gain * Loss of bone mineral density *

Answer 110

* 2-in square adhesive that contains **ethinyl estradiol and norelgestromin**- absorbed by the skin. * applied weekly for 3 weeks followed by a patch-free week when withdrawal bleeding occurs. * The patch delivers continuous levels of progesterone and estrogen. * Adherence > OCs. * RISKS: -decrease effectiveness for Overweight & obese women >198 lb. -low Effectiveness & high VTE & wt gain RISK

Answer 111

VTE- Venous Thromboembolism

Answer 112

1. Name: Nuva Ring 2. Contains both estrogen and progesterone 3. flexible, soft, transparent ring that is inserted by the user for a 3-week period of continuous use followed by a ring-free week to allow withdrawal bleeding 4. **Ethinyl estradiol and etonogestrel** (medicines) are rapidly absorbed through the vaginal epithelium and result in a steady serum concentration. 5. Provides effective cycle control as well as symptom relief for women with AUB (abnormal uterine bleeding) and Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). 6. No need for fitting or HCP- PT can place it themselves.

Answer 113

* Erosion of vaginal wall * Ring expulsion * vaginal discharge * Interference with coitus * Unpleasant ring odor * Vaginal discomfort

Answer 114

1. Implant Nexplanon 2. Intrauterine systems (IUC's)

Answer 115

1. 4cm long and 2mm diameter 2. subdermal time-release method that delivers synthetic **progestin** that inhibits ovulation 2. lasts 3 yrs of continuous delivery 3. inhibiting ovulation and thickening cervical mucus, so sperm cannot penetrate. 4. Fertility restored quickly after removal 5. Require a MINOR surgical procedure 6. NO STI protection

Answer 116

1. **Medical** - Irregular Bleeding, Headaches, Weight Gain, Acne, Increased Appetite, Breast Tenderness, And Depression. 2. **Surgical** – Peripheral nerve Injury

Answer 117

1. 4 diff types used in US - only learning 3. 2. Small **T-shaped **object that is placed inside the uterus to provide contraception 2. Classified as either hormonal or nonhormonal -**Both** types prevent pregnancy via inhibition of sperm mobility and sperm viability and change the speed of transport of the ovum in the fallopian tube. 3. Inhibiting sperm & ovum meeting 4. Periods are lighter, shorter, & less painful

Answer 118

1. One IUC releases COPPER IONS- which alone are spermicidal. 2. Three devices release LOW dose of progestin- causing thinning of the endometrium and thickening of cervical mucus, which inhibits sperm entry into the upper genital tract.

Answer 119

A. Copper ParaGard-TCu-380A – **Lasts 10 yrs.** B. Progesterone: 1. levonorgestrel-releasing IUS (Mirena & Kyleena) – **lasts 5 yrs.** 2. LNG-IUD (Jaydess) – Low-dose – **lasts 3 yrs.**

Answer 120

remember PAINS:

Answer 121

EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTIVE (EC)

Answer 122

1. Ulipristal Acetate (UPA) – **PO** progesterone receptor agonist–antagonist (Ella) 2. Levonorgestrel (LNG)-**PO** progestin (plan B one-step) 3. Copper intrauterine device (Cu-IUD) 4. Off-label combined OCPs - **PO** (Yuzpe method)

Answer 123

* Used within 72 to 120 hrs. * Sooner INGESTION more effective * NO protection against STIs or future pregnancies. * Should NOT be used as a regular birth control method * May delay next menses * CHECK PREGNANCY if NO menses within 3 wks. after use * Report any SEVERE abdominal pain to HCP immediately * ECs can be regular birth control pills given at a Higher Dose * ECs are contraindicated if pregnant

Answer 124

* **Abstinence** * **Male & female sterilization** (permanent) * **IU contraception** * **Implant**

Answer 125

* Injectable contraceptive * patch * ring, & pills

Answer 126

* Male & female condoms * diaphragm * fertility awareness

Answer 127

* Safety * Protection from STIs * Effectiveness * Acceptability * Convenience * Benefits * Side Effects * Effect on Spontaneity * Availability * Expense * Preference * Religious & Personal Beliefs * Informed Consent-Because some methods have potentially dangerous side effects, it is necessary for the woman to sign an informed consent form to show that she received and understands information about the risks and benefits.

Answer 128

1. Known as **Sterilization**: procedure to Permanently prevent reproduction * safe, and highly effective 2. Ex include: Laparoscopic, abdominal, hysteroscopic 3. REVERSAL surgery is difficult, expensive, & sometimes unsuccessful.

Answer 129

1. Tubal Ligation (tubes are modified) - Two types: **Mini-laparotomies **(incission in pubic area done after childbirth- easier access) **& laparoscopies **(a lil more invasive) * Sealed with a cauterizing instrument or with rings, bands, or clips, or cut and tied

Answer 130

1. Vasectomy - cutting the vas deferens * Semen no longer contains sperm

Answer 131

* Complications - infection, hematoma, & pain * Semen analysis 8 to 16 wks AFTER procedure until two specimens show no sperm is present. - due to procedure not being immediate.

Benign Disorders of Female Reproductive Tract Flashcards

(169 cards)