Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

aa BDS M6 - Oral surgery > Benign mucosal disease > Flashcards

Benign mucosal disease Flashcards

1
Q

What categories are in the surgical sieve?

A
  • congenital
  • traumatic
  • autoimmune
  • metabolic
  • infective
  • inflammatory
  • idiopathic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the surgical sieve used for?

A

to give a systematic approach to finding the aetiology of a problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the common congenital oral mucosal lesions?

A
  • leukoedema
  • fordyce spots
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is leukoedema?

A

congenital
- white/grey discolouration of the mucosa generally
- asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is fordyce spots?

A

congenital
- ectopic sebaceous glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where on the oral mucosa does leukoedema affect?

A

most obvious on the buccal mucosa but can affect any area in the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is leukodema due to?

A

a slight thickening of the orla mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the appearance of fordyce spots?

A

small cream coloured spots within the buccal mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is this?

A

leukoedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is this?

A

fordyce spots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the common traumatic oral mucosal lesions?

A
  • erosions/ulcers
  • frictional keratosis
  • polyps
  • denture induced hyperplasia
  • amalgam tattoos
  • mucocoeles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are ulcers and erosions caused by?

A

acute trauma which caused loss of the superficial epithelial layer e.g. dentures, restorations, direct trauma

loss of just the more superficial layer = erosion
loss of full thickness of epithelial layer = ulcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How are uclers treated?

A

irradiate the source of the trauma, if does not resolve within 14 days then investigate with biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What % of population are affected by aphthous ulcers?

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What may caused aphthous ulcers?

A
  • genetic element
  • trauma
  • food stuffs
  • haematinic deficiency
  • hormonal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do aphthous uclers resolve?

A

self resolving, usually within 14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What kinds of trauma may cause ulcers?

A
  • mechanical
  • thermal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When may a traumatic ulcer develop a keratotic margin around it?

A

when the trauma is chronic and low grade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is this?

A

traumatic ulcer - mechanical trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is this?

A

traumatic ulcer - thermal trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are these?

A

aphthous uclers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is morsicatio buccarum?

A

cheek biting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is this evidence of?

A

cheek biting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is this evidence of?

A

cheek biting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is linea alba?

A
  • white tissue line at the level of the occlusal plane
  • asymptomatic
  • associated with clenching, sucking habits
  • biopsy if unusual appearance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are polyps?

A

benign outgrowths from the oral mucosa
- normal overlying mucosa with fibrous centre
- asymptomatic unless traumatised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is it called with a polyp has a small stalk?

A

pedunculated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is it called with a polyp has a broad base?

A

sessile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is this?

A

sessile polyp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How are polyps treated?

A

excision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is an amalgam tattoo?

A

metal inclusions in the mucosa, dark coloured pigmented lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What generally caused an amalgam tattoo?

A

when an amalgam restoration is replaced or restored in some way where a small amount of the amalgam gets relates into the tissues at high speed
- introduction of metal into the mucosa which is then taken up by macrophages, causing a tattoo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Why may a biopsy be taken to establish diagnosis of an amalgam tattoo?

A

looks similar to a mucosal melanoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is this?

A

amalgam tattoo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What caused denture induced hyperplasia?

A

ill fitting dentures worn 24/7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

How is denture induced hyperplasia treated?

A

excision and new dentures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is this?

A

denture induced hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is this?

A

extensive denture induced hyperplasia with superimposed candida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is this treatment for this?

A

(extensive denture induced hyperplasia with superimposed candida)

excision of excess tissue and systemic treatment of the candida, and new dentures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is a mucocoele?

A

a minor salivary gland cyst / mucous extravasation cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What causes a mucocoele?

A

usually as a result of trauma to the lip (usually lower lip)
- saliva escapes from the damaged duct into the surrounding lip and causes a swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

How are mucocoeles treated?

A

excision of the mucocoele and the minor salivary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is this?

A

mucocoele / mucous extravasation cyst

44
Q

What are the (broad) infective causes of oral mucosa lesions?

A
  • fungal
  • viruses
45
Q

What are the fungal causes of infective oral mucosal disease?

A
  • acute pseudomembranous candidiasis
  • candidal leukoplakia
46
Q

What are the viral causes of infective oral mucosal disease?

A
  • human papilloma virus
  • herpes virus
47
Q

What is acute pseudomembranous candidiasis commonly known as?

A

thrush

48
Q

How does thrush clinically present?

A

white plaques that wipe free leaving a red base

49
Q

What microorganism is the common cause of thrush?

A

candida albicans

50
Q

How us oral thrush treated?

A

systemic antifungals
- can use topical but systemic generally works better

51
Q

Why may oral thrush be a recurring problem?

A

underlying systemic issues/immunocompromised e.g. previously undiagnosed diabetes

52
Q

How does candidal leukoplakia present?

A

inside of the commissures, presents as a white/red or speckled lesion, may be unilateral or bilateral

leukoplakia = white patch that does not wipe off

53
Q

How is candidal leukoplakia treated?

A

generally advocate 2 weeks of systemic antifungals and then review, if no marked clinical improvement then biopsy required

54
Q

What is this?

A

oral thrush/candidiasis

55
Q

What is this?

A

candidal leukoplakia

56
Q

What is a papilloma?

A

a human papilloma virus associated lesion

57
Q

How may a papilloma present?

A
  • sessile or pedunculated
  • asymptomatic
  • can become traumatised
58
Q

How are papillomas treated?

A

excision

59
Q

What is this?

A

papilloma

60
Q

What is secondary herpes?

A

reactivation of latent herpes virus in the trigeminal system
- reactivated during times of stress, immunocompromise, UV light exposure, hormonal problems

virus travels down the trigeminal division and presents as a blistering lesion in the lip

61
Q

How does secondary herpes present clinically?

A

tingling sensation before vesicles develop which eventually rupture and form a crusting lesion - transmissable while crusting

62
Q

How is secondary herpes treated?

A

cold sore treated with topical antivirals

63
Q

What is this?

A

secondary herpes/cold sore

64
Q

What inflammatory conditions can affect the oral mucosa?

A
  • geographic tongue
  • lichenoid reactions
  • epulis
65
Q

What is geographic tongue?

A

patterned appearance on the dorsum of the tongue, concentric white lines and red lines

66
Q

What caused geographic tongue?

A

abnormality in the turnover of the dorsum of the tongue, red areas are atrophy, white are keratosis

67
Q

How common is geographic tongue?

A

2-3%, often runs in families

68
Q

What other things is geographic tongue sometimes associated with?

A

fissured tongue, psoriasis, sometimes an underlying vitamin B problem which predisposed pt to developing it

69
Q

If geographic tongue is symptomatic what may be used to treat it?

A

local anaesthetic mouthwash

but generally it is asymptomatic

70
Q

What is this?

A

geographic tongue

71
Q

What can cause a lichenoid lesion?

A
  • reaction to metal (contact lesions)
  • medication
    • antihypertensives
    • hypoglycaemics
    • NSAIDs
72
Q

Are lichenoid lesions symptomatic?

A
  • usually asymptomatic
  • patches may have erosions or ulcerations which will be symptomatic and require symptomatic management
73
Q

What is needed to establish the diagnosis of a lichenoid lesion?

A

biopsy due to potential cellular atypia, need to ensure it is benign

74
Q

What is an epulis?

A

a growth on the gum

75
Q

What are the types of epulis?

A
  • fibrous epilus
  • pyogenic granuloma
76
Q

What is a fribrous epulis associated with?

A

the gingival margin of the teeth (usually at the papilla)

77
Q

What is a fibrous epulis usually caused by?

A

chronic irritation which stimulates a granulation response

e.g. irregularly in surface enamel, a restoration, a carious lesion

78
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a fibrous epulis?

A

normal overlying mucosa with a fibrous centre

79
Q

What issues may a fibrous epulis cause?

A

issues with maintaining hygiene, bleeding when trying to clean interdentally

80
Q

What is the treatment for an epulis?

A

excision

81
Q

What is a pyogenic granuloma?

A

same site as a fibrous epulis but is a more vascular lesion

82
Q

What are pyogenic granulomas associated with?

A

tend to have a hormonal association, tend to be found during pregnancy

83
Q

What metabolic disease may cause a benign oral mucosal lesion?

A

Addison’s disease

84
Q

What is Addison’s disease?

A

primary adrenal deficiency - cortisol and aldosterone

85
Q

What is the oral manifestation of Addison’s disease?

A

oral mucosal pigmentation, in addition to skin pigmentation

86
Q

Why does oral pigmentation caused by Addison’s disease usually require biopsy?

A

to rule out anything more sinister e.g. melanoma

87
Q

What is this?

A

lichenoid lesion

88
Q

What is this?

A

fibrous epulis

89
Q

What is this?

A

pyogenic granuloma

90
Q

What is this?

A

oral mucosal pigmentation due to Addison’s disease

91
Q

What is a melanotic macule?

A

round or oval brown or black pigmented area on the lip or any mucosal surface

92
Q

What is the aetiology of a melanotic macule?

A

trauma usually, or idiopathic

93
Q

What group of people are melanotic macules usually found in?

A

develops in the 50+ age group

94
Q

What si the treatment for a melanotic macule?

A

usually biopsy for diagnosis, may be excised for aesthetics if on the lip

95
Q

What is this?

A

melanotic macule

96
Q

What autoimmune conditions can cause benign mucosal lesions?

A
  • lichen planus
  • vesiculobullous conditions
97
Q

What is lichen planus and who does it affect?

A
  • autoimmune inflammatory condition
  • 1-2% of the population, F>M
98
Q

How does lichen planus present in the mouth?

A

various forms and symptoms, bilateral or unilateral

99
Q

What is done to diagnose lichen planus?

A
  • biopsy to determine diagnosis
  • potentially malignant so must be monitored
100
Q

What are vesticulobullous conditions?

A

autoimmune inflammatory conditions that cause painful blisters that rupture into erosions and uclers

101
Q

How are oral presentations of vesiculobullous conditions diagnosed/treated?

A

biopsy to determine diagnosis, then treated by oral med

102
Q

What is this?

A

lichen planus (reticular)

103
Q

What are idiopathic lesions?

A

lesions of unknown aetiology e.g. lipoma

104
Q

What is a lipoma?

A

a benign mesenchymal neoplasm which can develop in any part of the oral mucosa, idiopathic cause

105
Q

What is a lipoma made of?

A

make up of fat cells surrounded by a thin fibrous capsule

106
Q

How are lipomas treated?

A

excision

107
Q

What is this?

A

lipoma

aa BDS M6 - Oral surgery (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions