Benign Ovarian Tumours Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Benign Ovarian Tumours Deck (30)
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1
Q

What are the different types of cysts?

A
functional cysts
endometriomas
serous cystadenomas
mucinous cystadenomas
fibromas
teratomas
other germ cell tumorus
sex-cord tumours
2
Q

What are functional cysts

A

sac that forms on the surface of a woman’s ovary during or after ovulation.

3
Q

What do functional cysts originate from?

A

follicles or corpus luteums

4
Q

What are the complications of functional cysts?

A

rupture
failure to rupture at ovulation
bleeding

5
Q

What are endometriomas ?

A

chocolate cysts

6
Q

When are serous cystadenomas commonest?

A

30-40yrs

7
Q

What are the commonest large ovarian tumours?

A

mucinous cyst adenomas

8
Q

what % of mucinous cyst adenomas become malignant?

A

5%

9
Q

What are fibromas?

A

Small, solid, benign, fibrous tissue tumours

10
Q

What syndrome are fibromas associated with?

A

Meig’s - pleural effusion, often R sided and ascites

11
Q

What do teratomas arise from?

A

primitive germ cells

12
Q

What are teratomas?

A

tumours containing well differentiated tissue

13
Q

In which women are teratomas commonest?

A

young

14
Q

Name examples of other germ cell tumorus

A

non-gestational choriocarcinoma
ectodermal sinus tumours
dysgerminomas

15
Q

What is the presentation of benign ovarian tumours?

A
asymptomatic 
pain - chronic or acute 
irregular vaginal bleeding
hormonal effects 
abdo swelling
16
Q

What sx would suggest cyst rupture?

A

features of haemorrhagic shock
severe lower abdo pain
vomiting

17
Q

What sx suggest malignancy?

A

ascites

18
Q

What are the causes of chronic pain?

A

pressure effects, dull ache, dyspareunia

19
Q

What are the causes of acute pain?

A

bleeding into the cyst, ovarian torsion/rupture

20
Q

Give an example of a hormonal effect of benign ovarian tumours?

A

sudden development of androgenic features

21
Q

What may be found on abdo examination?

A

pelvic mass
tenderness
peritonism
ascites

22
Q

When is examination normal with cysts?

A

if small or woman is obese

23
Q

What may a vaginal examination show?

A

vaginal discharge/bleeding
cervical excitation
adnexal masses
tenderness

24
Q

What is cervical excitation?

A

pain on examination w moving the cervix w the hand, indicative of inflammation

25
Q

What are Ix for benign ovarian tumours

A

FBC tumour markers
CA125
AFP, CA19-9,LDH, hCG, CEA
TVS

26
Q

What is the management of benign ovarian tumours in premenopausal women?

A

exclude malignancy

laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy

27
Q

When is surgery for BOT not indicated in premenopausal women?

A

<5cm
asymptomatic
benign

28
Q

When is surgery for BOT indicated in premenopausal women?

A

> 5cm
symptomatic
features of dermoid or endometriosis

29
Q

Why should the cyst not burst when removing?

A

if it Is dermoid it can lead to chemical peritonitis and if malignancy can upstage disease

30
Q

What is the management in postmenopausal women?

A

RMI
Low risk - conservative mx, repeat TVS and CA125 every 4 m
mod - bilateral oophorectomy
sev - referral to specialist