Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Flashcards Preview

Renal & Urology > Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia > Flashcards

Flashcards in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Deck (13)
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1
Q

def

A

enlargement of the prostate which causes bladder outlet obstruction

2
Q

what are the two components of benign prostatic hyperplasia

A
static component (enlargement of prostate which narrows urethra)
dynamic component (increased prostatic SM)
3
Q

epi

A

increases with age

4
Q

aetiology

A

it has been suggested that age related hormonal changes result in androgen:oestrogen imbalances
this results in hyperplasia of the prosate

5
Q

what is pathological BPH

A

symptomatic BPH and may require prostatis

6
Q

risk factors

A

elderly males

7
Q

history

A

urinary symptoms such as increased frequency, but associated with hesistancy, decreased volume of urine with a weak stream and incomplete emptying

patient may complain of nocturia

8
Q

examination

A

may be an enlarged prostate on PR

signs of urinary retention

9
Q

investigations

A

1 increased PSA may indicate prostate cancer or prostatis
2 urinalysis
-pyuria (pus in the urine from bacteria infection if UTI is implicated)

10
Q

management

A

if asymptomatic - monitor
if symptomatic use of an alpha blocker such as terazosin or doxazosin (cause SM relaxation in prostate), or phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor or NSAIDs
if abnormal PR exam +/ elevated PSA surgical referral is required to remove prostate

11
Q

complications

A

BPH progression

urinary retention

12
Q

prognosis

A

medical treatment usually improves symptoms

13
Q

a 60y/o man presents with a 3/12 history of increasing urinary frequency without burning, and nocturia. He has limited fluid consumption and caffeine intake without benefit. No personal of family history of prostate cancer. PR exam demonstrates a moderately enlarged prostate without nodules or tenderness

A

BPH