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dermatology > Benign Skin Lesions > Flashcards

Benign Skin Lesions Flashcards

1
Q

Features of benign pigmented lesions

A

Well defined margin
Even pigmentation
Symmetrical
Consistent over time

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2
Q

Common name for ephelides

A

Freckles

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3
Q

What are ephelides

A

Patchy increase in melanin pigmentation which occurs after UV exposure

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4
Q

Who is most likely to have freckles

A

People with fair skin and red hair

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5
Q

Genetics of ephelides

A

One defective copy of MC1R gene

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6
Q

Common name for actinic lentigines

A

Age spots or liver spots

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7
Q

What are actinic lentigines associated with

A

Long term UV exposure

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8
Q

Where do actinic lentigines usually present

A

Face, forearms and dorsal hands

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9
Q

Histology of actinic lentigines (2)

A

Elongated rate ridges in the epidermis
Increase in melanin and basal melanocytes

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10
Q

Another name for melanocytic naevi

A

Moles

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11
Q

Naevi present in childhood

A

Junctional naevi

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12
Q

Naevi present in adolescence and early childhood

A

Compound naevus

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13
Q

What are Congenital melanocytic naevus

A

Visible pigmented proliferations in the skin that are present at birth

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14
Q

Junctional naevus

A

Naevus cells cluster in the dermoepidermal junction

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15
Q

What can larger congenital melanocytic naevi show

A

Hypertrichosis

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16
Q

What is hypertrichosis

A

Excessive hair growth

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17
Q

How do we acquire usual type naevi

A

During infancy the melanocyte: keratinocyte ratio breaks down at a number of cutaneous sites which allows the formation of simple naevi

18
Q

Intradermal naevi

A

All Junctional activity has ceased, entirely dermal

19
Q

Dysplastic naevi presentation

A

Generally >6 mm in diameter, with varied pigment and border asymmetry

20
Q

What is the most common type of dysplastic naevi

A

Sporadic

21
Q

Lifetime melanoma risk in a patient with genetic predisposition to developing dysplastic naevi

A

Up to 100%

22
Q

Give an example of a gene which can cause predisposition to development of dysplastic naevi

A

CDKN2A

23
Q

Histology of dysplastic naevi

A

Architectural atypical and cellular atypia with a host reaction of fibrosis and inflammation
Epidermis is NOT effaced

24
Q

Halo naevi

A

Peripheral halo of depigmentation

25
Q

Blue naevi

A

Entirely dermal and consist of pigment rich dendritic spindle cells

26
Q

Spitz naevus

A

Pink colour due to prominent vasculature
Closely mimic melanoma

27
Q

What is another name for a seborrhoeic keratosis

A

Basal cell papilloma

28
Q

What is a seborrhoeic keratosis

A

Benign proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes

29
Q

Lesser-trelat sign

A

Sudden onset or increase in the number and size of seb K may indicate internal malignancy

30
Q

What malignancy does lesser-trelat sign usually indicate

A

GI adenocarcinoma

31
Q

Where are seb K’s usually found

A

Face and trunk

32
Q

Presentation of seb K

A

Well demarcated, raised, brown coloured lesion
Greasy hyperkeratotic surface
Small horn cysts/depressions

33
Q

Management of a seb K

A

REASSURANCE

34
Q

What is a dermatofibroma

A

Proliferation of fibroblasts induced by reaction to insect bite or minor trauma

35
Q

In which patients are dermatofibromas more common

A

Immunosuppressed patients

36
Q

Clinical presentation of a dermatofibroma

A

Unchanging firm lesion, skin coloured or brownish
Feel like they have a stone in them
Occasionally itchy

37
Q

What does a positive dimple sign indicate

A

Dermatofibroma

38
Q

What causes a dimple sign

A

Connections of the lesion to deeper structures in the skin such as collagen bundles

39
Q

Presentation of a dermatofibroma when using a dermoscope

A

Scar-like white centre

40
Q

Management of dermatofibroma

A

REASSURANCE

dermatology (13 decks)

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