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Microbio > bergey's manual > Flashcards

bergey's manual Flashcards

1
Q

volume 1 phyla

A

deinococcus-thermus: radiation-resistant
cyanobacteria: photosynthetic, multicellular

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2
Q

volume 2: phylum and classes

A

phylum pseudomonadota/proteobacteria
5 classes: alpha - epsilon

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3
Q

vol 2, alphaproteobacteria types

A

rickettsia and agrobacterium

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4
Q

rickettsia

A

volume 2 alphaproteobacteria
- extremely small, non-flagellated
- parasitic or mutualistic
- vector transmission

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5
Q

rickettsia prowazekii disease

A

typhus

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6
Q

rickettsia prowazekii transmission

A

lice or flea vector

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7
Q

rickettsia prowazekii clinical manifestations

A

fever, rash

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8
Q

rickettsia rickettsii disease

A

rocky mountain spotted fever

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9
Q

rickettsia rickettsii transmission

A

wood tick (west), dog tick (east)

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10
Q

rickettsia rickettsii clinical manifestations

A

headache, high fever, rash

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11
Q

rickettsia rickettsii treatment and prevention

A
  • antibiotics
  • tick control
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12
Q

rickettsia rickettsii tissue tropism

A

endothelial cells

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13
Q

agrobacterium

A

volume 2 alphaproteobacteria
- plant pathogen that invades crowns and roots
- Ti plasmid incorporated into plant DNA, overproduces phytohormone
- manifests as galls

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14
Q

volume 2 betaproteobacteria genus

A

neisseria and bordetella

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15
Q

neisseria

A

volume 2 betaproteobacteria
- nonmotile, aerobic, diplococci with capsules and pili
- never fully undergo cytokinesis

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16
Q

n. gonorrheae transmission

A

contact with mucus membranes of genitourinary tract

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17
Q

n. gonorrheae clinical manifestations

A

male: urethral discharge, painful urination
female: vaginal discharge, can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and/or sterility

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18
Q

n. gonorrheae incubation

A

2-5 days

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19
Q

bacterial meningitis transmission

A

respiratory droplets

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20
Q

bacterial meningitis clinical manifestations

A

vomiting, headache, confusion, neck and back stiffness

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21
Q

bacterial meningitis tissue tropism

A

inflammation of brain and spinal cord meninges

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22
Q

bordetella

A

volume 2 betaproteobacteria
- gram negative coccobacilli, some with capsules
- multiplication in respiratory epithelium

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23
Q

b. pertussis disease

A

whooping cough

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24
Q

b. pertussis transmission

A

droplet inhalation
highly contagious

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25
Q

b. pertussis toxins

A

AB toxin/pertussis toxin: paralyses cilia cells, destroys epithelium

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26
Q

b. pertussis prevention

A

toxoid vaccine

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27
Q

b. bronchiseptica disease

A

kennel cough

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28
Q

volume 2 gammaproteobacteria

A

genus legionella, pseudomonas
order vibrionales, enterobacteriales

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29
Q

L. pneumophilia disease

A

Legionnare’s disease

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30
Q

L. pneumophilia transmission

A

aerosolized particles, airborne

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31
Q

L. pneumophilia treatment

A

antibiotics

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32
Q

p. aeruginosa

A

major plant and animal pathogen
gram negative rod, motile

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33
Q

p. aeruginosa treatment

A

topical antibiotic
- common in nails, burn victims

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34
Q

vibrio cholerae disease

A

cholera

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35
Q

vibrio cholerae transmission

A

very virulent

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36
Q

vibrio cholerae clinical manifestations

A

massive water loss (1 L/hr)

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37
Q

vibrio cholerae treatment

A

oral rehydration, IV fluids

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38
Q

vibrio cholerae prevention

A

vaccination

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39
Q

enterobacteria

A

volume 2 order of class gammaproteobacteria
- 44 genera
- glucose positive rods

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40
Q

E. coli diseases

A

gastroenteritis, UTIs

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41
Q

E. coli tissue tropism

A

intestinal tract

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42
Q

salmonellosis strains

A

over 2000 strains of salmonella enterica

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43
Q

salmonellosis transmission

A

contaminated foods

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44
Q

salmonellosis incubation

A

8-48 hours

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45
Q

salmonellosis toxin

A

enterotoxin

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46
Q

s. dysenteriae disease

A

dysentery

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47
Q

s. dysenteriae transmission

A

food, fecal-oral

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48
Q

s. dysenteriae toxins

A

shiga endo and exotoxins

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49
Q

s. dysenteriae bacteria type

A

gram negative, non-sporeforming

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50
Q

yersinia pestis genus

A

shigellosis

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51
Q

yersinia pestis disease

A

plague

52
Q

yersinia pestis transmission

A

rat flea vector, rodent reservoir

53
Q

yersinia pestis clinical manifestations

A

enlarged lymph nodes

54
Q

yersinia pestis tissue tropism

A

blood and lymph
biofilm created within flea

55
Q

yersinia pestis treatment

A

antibiotics

56
Q

yersinia pestis secretion and toxins

A

type III secretion
- injectisome
endotoxin
- LPS toxic when lysed

57
Q

volume 2 deltaproteobacteria

A

bdellovibriio and myxobacteria

58
Q

bdellovibrio

A

aerobic, gram negative, motile, curved rods
predatory cycle

59
Q

myxobacteria

A

gram negative, gliding rods
complex life cycle

60
Q

myxobacteria life cycle

A

vegetative growth
fruiting: vegetative to aggregate to fruiting body to myxospore

61
Q

volume 2 epsilonproteobacteria

A

order campylobacteriales

62
Q

campylobacter jejuni clinical manifestation

A

enteritis diarrhea

63
Q

h. pylori disease

A

peptic ulcer disease

64
Q

h. pylori tissue tropism

A

gastric cells

65
Q

h. pylori toxins

A

urease production
toxin causes ulcers

66
Q

volume 3 bacteria characteristics

A

low G and C
gram positive

67
Q

volume 3 phylum

A

firmicutes

68
Q

class mollicutes (mycoplasma)

A

smallest, lack cell wall

69
Q

mycoplasmic pneumoniae disease

A

pneumonia

70
Q

mycoplasmic pneumoniae tissue tropism

A

bronchial epithelium

71
Q

mycoplasmic pneumoniae treatment

A

tetracyclines
- no penicillin b/c no cell wall

72
Q

class clostridia

A

largest genus: clostridium
anaerobic endosporeformers

73
Q

c. botulinum disease

A

botulism

74
Q

c. botulinum transmission types

A
  • foodborne
  • infant: spore ingestion, usually in honey
  • wound: wound site
75
Q

c. botulinum toxin

A

AB exotoxin: neurotoxin (botulin) blocks release of acetylcholine, preventing muscle contraction

76
Q

c. tetani disease

A

tetanus

77
Q

c. tetani transmission

A

wound entry

78
Q

c. tetani clinical manifestations

A

trismus: lockjaw
opisthotonus: bowed back
risus sardonicus: forced smile

79
Q

c. tetani treatment

A

muscle relaxants, antibiotics, dark quiet room

80
Q

c. tetani secretion

A

tetanospasmin: causes prolonged muscle spasms

81
Q

c. perfringens disease

A

gas gangrene
- necrotizing skeletal muscle infection
- 10 minute generation

82
Q

c. perfringens toxins

A

a-toxin: phospholipase
collagenase: breaks down collagen

83
Q

class bacilli

A

genus bacillus
motile, aerobic, catalase positive, endospore-formers

84
Q

b. anthracis disease

A

anthrax

85
Q

b. anthracis transmission types

A

cutaneous: open wound entry, most common/least deadly
pulmonary: inhalation
GI: consumption

86
Q

b. anthracis toxin

A

AB exotoxin from plasma

87
Q

genus staphylococcus

A

anaerobic, nonmotile, cocci, irregular clusters
virulence: exotoxins, capsules

88
Q

lesions: superficial folliculitis

A

scalded skin syndrome

89
Q

lesions: carbuncle

A

deep folliculitis

90
Q

lesions: furuncle

A

boil

91
Q

s. aureus w/ toxin disease

A

toxic shock syndrome

92
Q

toxic shock clinical manifestations

A

low BP, circulatory collapse, shock, organ failure

93
Q

genus streptococcus

A

mesophilic, anaerobic cocci

94
Q

s. pyogenes NIPPLES

A

necrotizing fasciitis, impetigo, pneumonia, pharyngitis, lymphangitis, erysipelas, scarlet fever

95
Q

strep throat transmission

A

saliva, nasal secretions

96
Q

necrotizing fasciitis clinical manifestations

A

inflammation, muscle and fat destruction

97
Q

necrotizing fasciitis toxins

A

A: superantigen
B: tissue breakdown

98
Q

necrotizing fasciitis treatment

A

surgical removal

99
Q

volume 4 characteristics

A

gram positive, high % of G and C, aerobic

100
Q

genus micrococcus

A

volume 4
pigmented, may protect against UV light

101
Q

genus corynebacterium shape

A

bacillus or vibrio

102
Q

c. diptheriae disease

A

diptheria

103
Q

c. diptheriae toxins

A

AB exotoxin
pseudomembrane: food, bacteria, human cells

104
Q

c. diptheriae transmission

A

airborne

105
Q

genus mycobacterium

A

bacillus, vibrio, catalase positive, aerobic
slow growing, long incubation

106
Q

m. tuberculosis clinical manifestations

A

cough, fever, fatigue
tubercles: hard lumps that form in lungs when macrophages try to remove them
multi-drug resistant strains

107
Q

m. leprae disease

A

leprosy

108
Q

m. leprae transmission

A

nasal secretions

109
Q

m. leprae incubation

A

3-5 years

110
Q

m. leprae clinical manifestations

A

skin cell death, loss of features, limbs, etc.

111
Q

m. leprae treatment

A

long-term antibiotics, drug therapy

112
Q

genus propionibacterium

A

p. shermanii: holes in swiss cheese
p. acne: acne, body odor

113
Q

volume 5 phyla

A

phylumchlamydia
phylum spirochetes

114
Q

phylumchlamydia characteristics

A

nonmotile, gram negative cocci with small genome

115
Q

c. trachomatis disease

A

chlamydia

116
Q

phylum spirochetes characteristics

A

slender, long, flexible helical shape, motile

117
Q

treponema pallidum diseases

A

venereal and congenital syphilis

118
Q

venereal syphilis stages

A

1: chancre (small, painless) ~4 weeks
2: variable skin rash, followed by latent stage
3: gummas (painful), delirium

119
Q

venereal syphilis treatment

A

antibiotics
more effective in early stages

120
Q

congenital syphilis transmission

A

crosses placenta

121
Q

congenital syphilis clinical manifestations

A

Hutchinson’s triad (deaf, blind, curved teeth)

122
Q

borrella burgdorferi disease

A

lyme disease

123
Q

lyme disease stages

A

localized: bullseye rash, spotted rash, flu-like symptoms
disseminated: joint pain, Bells’ Palsy
Late: years later, neuron damage and arthritis

124
Q

tick life cycle

A

egg (late spring)
hatch into larva
nymph, adult (next spring)

125
Q

lyme disease in ticks

A

larva: spread to birds, small mammals
nymphs: cause disease
adults: only females cause disease

Microbio (11 decks)

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