BESR Flashcards by Stephen Gonzalez

Is the branch of study dealing with what is the
proper course of action for man

ETHICS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

is the study of right and wrong in human
endeavors

ETHICS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

is the method by which we categorize our
values and pursue them

ETHICS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

is man’s means of deciding on the course of action to take

ETHICS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

These are actions that proceed from the
deliberate free will of man.

HUMAN ACTS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

these actions are done with the knowledge and consent, and is willfully carried out by the person (Roa, 2011).

HUMAN ACTS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

These acts are
determined by the following characteristics: (4)

Free and Voluntary acts of man
Done with Knowledge and Consent
Proper to man being a Rational being
Done consciously and entails responsibility

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

These are actions that naturally exhibited by man and are morally indifferent (neutral) because these actions cannot be judged to be ethical or unethical (Roa, 2011).

ACTS OF MAN

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Acts of Man is divided into two categories:

Natural Involuntary Acts
Natural Voluntary Acts

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

These are actions of man that are performed involuntarily (e.g. metabolism, heart beating, breathing)

Natural Involuntary Acts

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

These are actions that are within the control of man’s will for some period of time (e.g. sleeping, walking, running)

Natural Voluntary Acts

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The quality of goodness or badness of a human act

MORALITY

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This refers to an individual’s own
principles regarding right and wrong. These are Principles or habits with respect to right or wrong conduct. These are also the prescribed dos and don’ts, morality is ultimately a personal compass of right and wrong.

MORALS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-are those
actions done
by man in
harmony with
right reason

GOOD ACTS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-are those actions
done by man in
contradiction to
the dictates of
right reason

EVIL ACTS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-are acts that are
neither good nor
evil

INDIFFERENT/
NEUTRAL ACTS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

FACTORS OF MORALITY

Society
Culture

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This is mainly concerned with
how people are within a community is
brought up in that community.

Society

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cultural differences in the Philippines contribute to how they perceive whether an act is acceptable or
not.

Culture

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It is defined as the practical judgment of reason deciding upon an individual act as good and is to be followed or as evil and be avoided.

Conscience

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This is considered by
traditional ethics as the
proximate norm of morality

Conscience

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-This happens when a
judgment is made
before an action is
done.

Antecedent Conscience

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-mainly of the strict
following of rules. Actions are judged as they are disregarding
circumstances.

True Conscience
Concerns

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-Judges things in a
distorted manner with the considering of morally unacceptable acts as good and vice versa.

Erroneous Conscience

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-This happens when a person is uncertain about a moral judgment.

Doubtful Conscience

-This type sees a wrong where there is none.

Scrupulous Conscience

-This is the opposite of the scrupulous conscience. It is the kind of conscience which fails to see the wrong where there is a wrong

Lax Conscience

These deal with general rules about what kind of behavior is considered right or wrong, good or bad. They point to human qualities relating to how people live together in harmony and outline values that will provide benefit or harm to the larger group rather than an individual.

MORAL STANDARDS

Sources of Moral Standards

Religion Culture One's own life/self

These govern individual life, aspirations and desires and may decide a person's place in his group.

NON- MORAL STANDARDS

FACTORS THAT AFFECT ETIQUETTE

1. Physical a. External Appearance b. Grace 2.Psychological a. Socialization/Upbringing b. Heredity 3. Other factors a. Schooling b. Peers c. Social Life d. Marital Life

This is referred to as “crystallized Ethics”. Compared to Morality and Ethics, ____ regulates man’s external behavior while Ethics and Morality examines the internal disposition of man with regards to his decisions.

LAW

These are written rules that encompass Personal, Organizational and Corporate standards of behavior expected of Professionals (Roa, 2011).

Professional Codes of Ethic

The 3 Determinants

1.The End of the Action (ACT). 2. The End of the Actor (MOTIVE). 3. Circumstances of the Act.

-This refers to the act itself and its purpose.

1.The End of the Action (ACT).

-This refers to the intention or the motive of the doer of the action. The motive of the agent is different from the purpose of the action and this varies per individual

2. The End of the Actor (MOTIVE)

-This refers to the conditions that affect the human act by increasing or decreasing the responsibility of the actor These are not part of the action per set but these affect the morality of the act on whether it could be morally justifiable or unjustifiable.

3. Circumstances of the Act.

circumstances of time.

When

circumstances of location or place

Where

refers to the manner or mode by which the act is performed.

How

who or what the act is directed to.

To whom

Principles of the determinants of Morality (Glenn, 1968)

1. An indifferent act can become good or evil through its circumstances. 2. A good act can become evil through its circumstances. 3. A good act can become better or an evil act could become worse through the circumstances. 4. An evil act can never become good through circumstances but it can be morally justifiable 5. A good act done with evil means destroys the entire objective goodness of the action.

Law 1

NEVER OUTSHINE THE MASTER.

Law 2

NEVER PUT TOO MUCH TRUST IN FRIENDS, LEARN HOW TO USE ENEMIES.

Law 3

CONCEAL YOUR INTENTIONS.

Law 4

ALWAYS SAY LESS THAN NECESSARY.

Law 5

SO MUCH DEPENDS ON REPUTATION – GUARD IT WITH YOUR LIFE.

Law 6

COURT ATTENTION AT ALL COST.

Law 7

GET OTHERS TO DO THE WORK FOR YOU, BUT ALWAYS TAKE THE CREDIT.

Law 8

MAKE OTHER PEOPLE COME TO YOU – USE BAIT IF NECESSARY.

Law 9

WIN THROUGH YOUR ACTIONS, NEVER THROUGH ARGUMENT.

Law 10

INFECTION: AVOID THE UNHAPPY AND THE UNLUCKY

Law 11

LEARN TO KEEP PEOPLE DEPENDENT ON YOU.

Law 12

USE SELECTIVE HONESTY AND GENEROSITY TO DISARM YOUR VICTIM.

Law 13

WHEN ASKING FOR HELP, APPEAL TO PEOPLE’S SELF-INTEREST, NEVER TO THEIR MERCY OR GRATITUDE.

Law 14

POSE AS A FRIEND, WORK AS A SPY.

Law 15

CRUSH YOUR ENEMY TOTALLY.

Law 16

USE ABSENCE TO INCREASE RESPECT AND HONOR.

Law 17

KEEP OTHERS IN SUSPENDED TERROR: CULTIVATE AN AIR OF UNPREDICTABILITY.

Law 18

DO NOT BUILD FORTRESSES TO PROTECT YOURSELF – ISOLATION IS DANGEROUS.

Law 19

KNOW WHO YOU’RE DEALING WITH – DO NOT OFFEND THE WRONG PERSON.

Law 20

DO NOT COMMIT TO ANYONE.

Law 21

PLAY A SUCKER TO CATCH A SUCKER – SEEM DUMBER THAN YOUR MARK.

Law 22

USE THE SURRENDER TACTIC: TRANSFORM WEAKNESS INTO POWER.

Law 23

CONCENTRATE YOUR FORCES.

Law 24

PLAY THE PERFECT COURTIER.

BESR Flashcards

Aralin BESR obviously