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beta-blockers Flashcards

1
Q

name the (2) beta-blockers with both oral and ophthalmic formulations:

A
  • betaxolol
  • timolol
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2
Q

are beta-blockers safe for use while breastfeeding?

A
  • no
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3
Q

MOA: nadolol, propranolol, pindolol, sotalol, and timolol

A
  • non-selective inhibition of beta-adrenergic receptors
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4
Q

MOA: acetbutolol, atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, esmolol, metoprolol, nebivolol

A
  • competitive inhibition of beta-1 receptors, with little/no effect on beta-2 receptors
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5
Q

MOA: carvedilol, labetalol

A
  • selective inhibition of alpha-1 and non-selective beta-adrenergic
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6
Q

name the (5) non-selective beta-blockers:

A
  • nadolol
  • propranolol
  • pindolol
  • sotalol
  • timolol
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7
Q

name the (7) beta-1 selective blockers:

A
  • acebutolol
  • atenolol
  • betaxolol
  • bisoprolol
  • esmolol
  • metoprolol
  • nebivolol
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8
Q

name the (2) selective alpha-1 and non-selective beta-blockers:

A
  • labetalol
  • carvedilol
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9
Q

name the (8) beta-blockers that only have an oral formulation:

A
  • atenolol
  • acebutolol
  • bisoprolol
  • carvedilol
  • metoprolol (succinate)
  • nebivolol
  • nadolol
  • pindolol
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10
Q

which beta-blocker has only an intravenous formulation?

A
  • esmolol
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11
Q

which beta-blockers (4) have an oral and IV formulation?

A
  • sotalol
  • metoprolol tartrate
  • propranolol
  • labetalol
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12
Q

for which indications are all IV and oral beta-blockers appropriate?

A
  • hypertension
  • SVT & Afib / Aflutter
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13
Q

which beta-blockers are indicated for angina? (4)

A
  • atenolol
  • metoprolol
  • nadolol
  • propranolol
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14
Q

which beta-blockers are indicated for post-MI care? (4)

A
  • atenolol
  • metoprolol
  • propranolol
  • timolol
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15
Q

which beta-blockers are indicated for elevated intraocular pressure? (2)

A
  • timolol
  • betaxolol
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16
Q

which beta-blockers are indicated for HFrEF? (3)

A
  • bisoprolol
  • metoprolol succinate
  • carvedilol
17
Q

which beta-blocker is indicated for intra- and post-operative tachycardia or HTN?

A
  • esmolol
18
Q

which beta-blocker is indicated for sinus tachycardia?

A
  • esmolol
19
Q

which beta-blocker is indicated for essential tremor?

A
  • propranolol
20
Q

which beta-blocker is indicated for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with LV outflow tract obstruction?

A
  • propranolol
21
Q

which beta-blocker is indicated for proliferating infantile hemangioma?

A
  • propranolol
22
Q

which beta-blockers are indicated for migraine prevention? (2)

A
  • propranolol
  • timolol
23
Q

what is the equivalent ER dosage for carvedilol IR 3.125 mg?

A
  • carvedilol ER 10 mg
24
Q

name the common adverse reactions to beta-blockers:

A
  • bradycardia
  • fatigue
  • cold extremities
  • dizziness
  • hypotension
25
Q

name two rare, but serious side effects of beta-blockers:

A
  • heart failure
  • hepatotoxicity
26
Q

what parameters can be used to measure the efficacy of beta-blockers?

A
  • decreased BP and/or HR
  • reduction in chest pain
  • decreased frequency of angina attacks
  • decreased use of prophylactic NTG
  • improvement in s/s of HF
27
Q

what parameters can be used to measure the safety of beta-blockers?

A
  • s/s of HF (upon initiation or dose increase)
  • BP, HR, possibly ECG
  • renal function
28
Q

what are 5 contraindications for the use of beta-blockers?

A
  • hypersensitivity
  • sinus bradycardia
  • 2nd- or 3rd-degree AV block
  • overt heart failure
  • cardiogenic shock
29
Q

what is the black box warning?

A
  • avoid abrupt discontinuation / withdrawal
30
Q

are beta-blockers safe to use in pregnancy?

A
  • generally no (category D), but labetalol is the exception and is the preferred agent for HTN in pregnancy
31
Q

NSAID interaction:

A
  • decreases anti-HTN effect ⟶ monitor
32
Q

amiodarone / dronedarone interaction:

A
  • increased risk of bradycardia, heart block, sinus arrest ⟶ avoid

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