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Pharma 5th semester > Beta Lactam > Flashcards

Beta Lactam Flashcards

(90 cards)

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0
Q

Penicillin G

A

Penicillin

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1
Q

Penicillins

A 
Penicillin G
Penicillin V
Benzathine penicillin
Procaine penicillin
Nafcillin
Oxacillin
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Ticarcillin
Piperacillin
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2
Q

Penicillin V

A

Penicillin

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3
Q

Benzathine penicillin

A

Penicillin

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4
Q

Procaine penicillin

A

Penicillin

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5
Q

Nafcillin

A

Penicillin

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6
Q

Oxacillin

A

Penicillin

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7
Q

Ampicillin

A

Penicillin

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8
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Penicillin

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9
Q

Ticarcillin

A

Penicillin

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10
Q

Piperacillin

A

Penicillin

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11
Q

Penicillin V

A

Oral low systemic levels limit widespread use

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12
Q

Oral low systemic levels limit widespread use

A

Penicillin V

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13
Q

Benzathine penicillin

A

Intramuscular, long-acting formulations

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14
Q

Intramuscular, long-acting formulations

A

Benzathine penicillin

Procaine penicillin

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15
Q

Procaine penicillin

A

Intramuscular, long-acting formulations

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16
Q

Intramuscular, long-acting formulations

A

Procaine penicillin

Benzathine penicillin

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17
Q

Nafcillin

A

Intravenous, added stability to staphylococcal beta lactamase, billiary clearance

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18
Q

Intravenous, added stability to staphylococcal beta lactamase, billiary clearance

A

Nafcillin

Oxacillin

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19
Q

Oxacillin

A

Intravenous, added stability to staphylococcal beta lactamase, billiary clearance

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20
Q

Intravenous, added stability to staphylococcal beta lactamase, billiary clearance

A

Oxacillin

Nafcillin

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21
Q

Ampicillin, amoxicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin

A

Greater activity versus gram-negative bacteria; addition of beta lactamase inhibitor restores activity against many beta lactamase-producing bacteria

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22
Q

Greater activity versus gram-negative bacteria; addition of beta lactamase inhibitor restores activity against many beta lactamase-producing bacteria

A

Ampicillin, amoxicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin

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23
Q

Penicillin G

Mechanism of action

A

Prevents bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting cell wall transpeptidases

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24
Prevents bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting cell wall transpeptidases
Penicillin G | Mechanism of action
25
Penicillin G | Effects
Rapid bactericidal activity against susceptible bacteria
26
Rapid bactericidal activity against susceptible bacteria
Penicillin G | Effects
27
Penicillin G | Clinical applications
Streptococcal infections Meningococcal infections Neurosyphilis
28
Streptococcal infections, meningococcal infections, neurosyphilis
Penicillin G | Clinical applications
29
Penicillin G | Pharmacokinetics, toxicities, interactions
IV administation Rapid renal clearance (half-life 30 min, so requires frequent dosing (every 4) Toxicity: Immediate hypersensitivity, rash, seizures
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IV administation Rapid renal clearance (half-life 30 min, so requires frequent dosing (every 4) Toxicity: Immediate hypersensitivity, rash, seizures
Penicillin G | Pharmacokinetics, toxicities, interactions
31
Cephalosporins
``` Cefazolin Cephalexin Cefuroxime Cefotetan Cefoxitin Ceftriaxone Cefotaxime Ceftazidime Cefepime ```
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Cefazolin
Cephalosporin
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Cephalexin
Cephalosporin
34
Cefuroxime
Cephalosporin
35
Cefotetan
Cephalosporin
36
Cefoxitin
Cephalosporin
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Ceftriaxone
Cephalosporin
38
Cefotaxime
Cephalosporin
39
Ceftazidime
Cephalosporin
40
Cefepime
Cephalosporin
41
Cefazolin | Mechanism of action
Preventa bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting cell wall transpeptidases
42
Prevents bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting cell wall transpeptidases
Cefazolin | Mechanism of action
43
Cefazolin | Effects
Rapid bactericidal activity against susceptible bacteria
44
Rapid bactericidal activity against susceptible bacteria
Cefazolin | Effects
45
Cefazolin | Clinical applications
Skin and soft tissue infections Urinary tract infections Surgical prophylaxis
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Skin and soft tissue infections Urinary tract infections Surgical prophylaxis
Cefazolin | Clinical applications
47
Cefazolin | Pharmacokinetics, toxicities, interactions
``` IV administration Renal clearance (half-life 1.5 h) Dosed every 8 h Poor penetration into the CNS Toxicity: rash, drug fever ```
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``` IV administration Renal clearance (half-life 1.5 h) Dosed every 8 h Poor penetration into the CNS Toxicity: rash, drug fever ```
Cefazolin | Pharmacokinetics, toxicities, interactions
49
Caphalexin
Oral, first generation drug, used for treating skin and soft tissue infections and urinary tract infections
50
Oral, first generation drug, used for treating skin and soft tissue infections and urinary tract infections
Cephalexin
51
Cefuroxime
Oral and intravenous, second generation drug, improved activity versus Pneumococcus and Haemophilus Influenzae
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Oral, first generation drug, used for treating skin and soft tissue infections and urinary tract infections
Cefuroxime
53
Cefotetan, cefoxitin
Intravenous, second generation drugs, activity versus Bacteroides fragilis allows for use in abdominal/pelvic infections
54
Intravenous, second generation drugs, activity versus Bacteroides fragilis allows for use in abdominal/pelvic infections
Cefotetan, cefoxitin
55
Ceftriaxone
Intravenous, third generation drug, mixed clearance with long half-life (6 hours), good CNS penetration, many uses including pneumonia, meningitis, pyelonephritis, and gonorrhea
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Intravenous, third generation drug, mixed clearance with long half-life (6 hours), good CNS penetration, many uses including pneumonia, meningitis, pyelonephritis, and gonorrhea
Ceftriaxone
57
Cefotaxime
Intravenous, third generation, similar to ceftriaxone; however, clearance is renal and half-life is 1 hour
58
Intravenous, third generation, similar to ceftriaxone; however, clearance is renal and half-life is 1 hour
Cefotaxime
59
Ceftazidime
Intravenous, third generation drug, poor gram positive avtivity, good activity versus Pseudomonas
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Intravenous, third generation drug, poor gram positive avtivity, good activity versus Pseudomonas
Ceftazidime
61
Cefepime
Intravenous, fourth generation drug, broad activity with improved stability to chromosomal beta lactamase
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Intravenous, fourth generation drug, broad activity with improved stability to chromosomal beta lactamase
Cefepime
63
Carbapenems
Imipenem-cilastatin Meropenem Doripenem Ertapenem
64
Imipenem-cilastatin
Carbapenem
65
Meropenem
Carbapenem
66
Doripenem
Carbapenem
67
Ertapenem
Carbapenem
68
Imipenem-cilastatin | Mechanism of action
Prevents bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibting cell wall transpeptidases
69
Prevents bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibting cell wall transpeptidases
Imipenem-cilastatin | Mechanism of action
70
Imipenem-cilastatin | Effects
Rapid bactericidal activity against susceptible bacteria
71
Rapid bactericidal activity against susceptible bacteria
Imipenem-cilastatin | Effects
72
Imipenem-cilastatin | Clinical applications
Serious infections such as pneumonia and sepsis
73
Serious infections such as pneumonia and sepsis
Imipenem-cilastatin | Clinical application
74
Imipenem-cilastatin | Pharmacokinetics, toxicities, interactions
``` IV administration Renal clearance (half-life 1 h), dosed every 6-8 h, cilastatin added to prevent hydrolysis by renal dehydropeptidase Toxicity: Seizures especially in renal failure or wih high doses (> 2 g/d) ```
75
``` IV administration Renal clearance (half-life 1 h), dosed every 6-8 h, cilastatin added to prevent hydrolysis by renal dehydropeptidase Toxicity: Seizures especially in renal failure or wih high doses (> 2 g/d) ```
Imipenem-cilastatin | Pharmacokinetics, toxicities, interactions
76
Meropenem, doripenem
Intravenous, similar activity to imipenem; stable to renal dehydropeptidase, lower incidence serizures
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Intravenous, similar activity to imipenem; stable to renal dehydropeptidase, lower incidence serizures
Meropenem, doripenem
78
Ertapenem
Intravenous, longer half-life allows for once daily dosing, lacks activity versus pseudomonas and acinetobacter
79
Intravenous, longer half-life allows for once daily dosing, lacks activity versus pseudomonas and acinetobacter
Ertapenem
80
Monobactams
Aztreonam
81
Aztreonam
Monobactam
82
Aztreonam | Mechanism of action
Prevents bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting cell wall transpeptidases
83
Prevents bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting cell wall transpeptidases
Aztreonam | Mechanism of action
84
Aztreonam | Effects
Rapid bactericidal activity against susceptible bacteria
85
Rapid bactericidal activity against susceptible bacteria
Aztreonam | Effects
86
Aztreonam | Clinical applications
Infections caused by aerobic, gram-negative bacteria in patients with immediate hypersensitivty to penicillins
87
Infections caused by aerobic, gram-negative bacteria in patients with immediate hypersensitivty to penicillins
Aztreonam | Clinical applications
88
Aztreonam | Pharmacokinetics, toxicities, interactions
IV administration Renal clearance half-life 1.5 h Dosed every 8 h Toxicity: no crossallergenicity with penicillins
89
IV administration Renal clearance half-life 1.5 h Dosed every 8 h Toxicity: no crossallergenicity with penicillins
Aztreonam | Pharmacokinetics, toxicities, interactions

Pharma 5th semester (1 decks)

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