bethel final exam anatomy

Question 1

somatic sensory

Answer 1

-sensory innervates of the outer tube
-pain, touch, vibration, temp
-special senses: hearing, balance, vision

Question 2

visceral sensory

Answer 2

-sensory innervation of organs
-stretch, pain, nausea, hunger
-special senses, taste and smell

Question 3

somatic motor

Answer 3

-volantary nervous system
-motor innervation of outer tube, specifically skeletal muscles

Question 4

visceral motor

Answer 4

-involantary
-motor innervation of inner tube, specifically smooth, cardiac, and glands
-autonomic
-sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 5

nucleus

Answer 5

group of neurons in the CNS

Question 6

nerve

Answer 6

group of nerve fibers (axons) in PNS

Question 7

ganglion

Answer 7

group of neurons in PNS

Question 8

tracts

Answer 8

group of nerve fibers in the CNS

Question 9

Astocytes

Answer 9

regulate blood flow and supply building blocks for neurotransmitter

Question 10

microglia

Answer 10

engulf invading organisms and dead neurons

Question 11

ependymal

Answer 11

line central cavity of spinal chord and brain
-cilia circulates CSF

Question 12

Satellite

Answer 12

surround neuron cells bodies within ganglia

Question 13

schwan cells

Answer 13

form myelin sheath in PNS

Question 14

oligodendrocytes

Answer 14

produce myelin sheath in CNS

Question 15

prosencephalon

Answer 15

-forebrain
-divides into telencephalon and diencephalon

Question 16

Mesencephalon

Answer 16

remains undivided
Brainstem: midbrain

Question 17

Rhombencephalon

Answer 17

-hindbrain
-divides into metencephalon and myelencehphalon

Question 18

Telencephalon

Answer 18

cerebral hemisphere- lateral ventricle

Question 19

diencephalon

Answer 19

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus- third ventricle

Question 20

metencephalon

Answer 20

pons and cerebellum- fourth ventricle

Question 21

myelencephalon

Answer 21

medulla oblangata- central canal

Question 22

medulla oblongata

Answer 22

-continuous with spinal chord
-inferior cerebral peduncles
-four cranial nerves: VIII, IX, X, XII

Question 23

pons

Answer 23

-bridge between medulla and midbrain
-cranial nerves: V, VI, VII

Question 24

midbrain

Answer 24

-between diencephalon and pons
-superior cerebellar peduncles
-cerebral aqueduct: central cavity of midbrain
-corpa quadrigemia: divides into superior and inferior colliculi

Question 25

thalamus

Answer 25

acts as relay stations for incoming sensory message "gateway" to cerebral cortex

Question 26

hypothalamus

Answer 26

main visceral control center of body "automatic" functions

Question 27

epithalamus

Answer 27

pineal gland secrete melatonin

Question 28

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 28

- fills in hollow cavities in the CNS -formed in choroid plexuses in all 4 brain ventricles

Question 29

olfactory

Answer 29

-I -sene of smell -synapse w olfactory bulbs -fibers travel through olfactory tracts

Question 30

optic

Answer 30

-II -vision -optic nerves cross at optic chiasma and continue as optic tracts

Question 31

oculomotor

Answer 31

-III -innervates 4 muscles of extrinsic eye muscle -constricts pupil -controls shape of lens

Question 32

trochlear

Answer 32

-IV -innervates superior oblique muscle

Question 33

trigeminial

Answer 33

-V -largest of cranial -mixes nerve innervates muscles of chewing sensory nerve of face

Question 34

abducens

Answer 34

-VI - innervates lateral rectus muscle- abducts eye

Question 35

facial

Answer 35

-VII sensory functions: special visceral sensory from taste buds on anterior 2/3 of tongue motor function: 5 branches- innervates facial muscles & lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual salivary glands

Question 36

vestibularcochlear

Answer 36

-VIII special sensory : equilibrium special sensory: hearing

Question 37

glassopharyngeal

Answer 37

-IX special sensory: tastebuds on posterior 1/3 General sensory: pharyngeal mucosa, chemoreceptors, baroreceptors motor function: elevate pharynx, innervate parotid salivary gland

Question 38

Vagus

Answer 38

-X sensory: general- thoracic and abdominal viscera; special- taste buds on epiglottis motor- skeletal muscle of pharynx and larynx; parasympathetic to heart, lungs, and abdominal area

Question 39

accessory

Answer 39

-XI -spinal accessory motor: innervates trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

Question 40

hypoglossal

Answer 40

-XII motor function: innervates tongue muscles

Question 41

cervical plexus

Answer 41

phrenic nerve: innervates diaphragm

Question 42

brachial plexus

Answer 42

chords give rise to main nerves of upper limb

Question 43

lumbar

Answer 43

innervates posterior abdominal wall & anterior thigh

Question 44

autonomic neurons

Answer 44

-2 motor neurons- preganglionic & postganglionic -slower

Question 45

somatic neurons

Answer 45

-one neuron extends from CNS to skeletal -well mylinated for rapid conduction

Question 46

sympathetic

Answer 46

-thoracolumbar -fight of flight -long postganglionic fibers -widespread -releases norepinephrine

Question 47

parasympathetic

Answer 47

-craniosacral -rest and digest -short post ganglionic fibers -localized effect -releaser acetylcholine

Question 48

sympathetic function of adrenal medulla

Answer 48

stimulated to secrete by preganglionic sympathetic fibers

Question 49

semicircular ducts

Answer 49

-have semicircular canals -do equilibrium

Question 50

utricle and saccule

Answer 50

-vestibule -equilibrium

Question 51

cochlear duct

Answer 51

-cochlea -hearing

Question 52

primary motor cortex

Answer 52

-precentral gyrus

Question 53

post central gyrus

Answer 53

-somato sensory

Question 54

parasympathetic nerves

Answer 54

III,VII, IX, X