Better Health for Individual

Question 1

dimensions of health- physical

Answer 1

relates to the effective functioning of the body and its systems.

Question 2

dimensions of health- social

Answer 2

refers to our interactions with other people, as well as the social and communication skills we display.

Question 3

dimensions of health- mental/emotional

Answer 3

refers to our state of emotional wellbeing.

Question 4

dimensions of health- spiritual

Answer 4

relates to feeling a sense of purpose and meaning in our life.

Question 5

what is WHOs definition of health

Answer 5

“a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of infirmity.”

Question 6

define relative health

Answer 6

refers to how we judge our health compared to other people or other points in our life.

Question 7

define dynamic health

Answer 7

refers to the constant fluctuations that occur in our level of health (changes)

Question 8

what are perceptions of health

Answer 8

the way we perceive our health.
factors which influence our perception of health include:
-our personal interpretation of the term health
-our beliefs about our capacity to achieve good health
-our environment
-our health behaviours and lifestyle
-our past levels of health
-our family, peers and the media
-the value we place on having good health

Question 9

what factors influence our social constructs

Answer 9

it is our view regarding what constitutes good health and who possesses it.
factors which influence our social construct include:
-gender
-geographical location
-age
-community values and expectations
-socioeconomic status
-level of education
-cultural background

Question 10

perceptions of the health of others

Answer 10

just as our perception of our own health is influenced by a range of factors, so too are our judgements about the health status of others.

Question 11

impact of the media, peers and family

Answer 11

the media has a key role in distributing health-related information to the community, strongly impacting an individuals perception of health

Question 12

positive health status of young people

Answer 12

research into the health status, health outcomes and factors influencing the health and well-being of young Australians are regularly undertaken by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW).
positive changes include:
-a decrease in death caused by chronic diseases (asthma)
-a decrease in smoking
-an increase in the use of contraception
-a decrease in alcohol consumption
negative changes include:
-increase in male suicide rates
-road-related injuries

Question 13

positive health behaviours

Answer 13

behaviours which are likely to enhance an individuals health

Question 14

risk behaviours

Answer 14

behaviours which contribute to the poor health of individuals

Question 15

determinants of health- individual

Answer 15

includes:

• knowledge and skills
• attitude
• genetics

Question 16

determinants of health- sociocultural

Answer 16

includes:

• family
• peers
• media
• religion
• culture

Question 17

determinants of health- socioeconomic

Answer 17

includes:

• education
• employment
• income

Question 18

determinants of health- environment

Answer 18

includes:

• geographical location
• access to technology
• access to healthcare

Question 19

degree of control an individual can exert over their health

Answer 19

a person’s level of health is not solely determined by their individual choices but a range of factors included in the determinants of health.

Question 20

modifiable determinants

Answer 20

they can be changed and controlled so they have different levels of influence on our health.
examples include:
-income (to a certain degree)
-skills and knowledge (to a certain degree)
-attitude

Question 21

non-modifiable determinants

Answer 21

they cannot be changed or altered to benefit an individual’s health.
examples include:
-genetics
-geographical location (to a certain degree)
-family

Question 22

the changing influence of the determinants throughout different life stages

Answer 22

at different times in our lives, certain determinants may have greater and lesser influence over our health status and health decisions.

Question 23

health promotion (WHO definition)

Answer 23

“the process of enabling people to increase control over their health and improve their health.”

Question 24

who is responsible for health promotion?

Answer 24

• individuals
• community services/groups
• non-government organisations
• government organisations
• international organisations

Question 25

what are some health promotion approaches and strategies?

Answer 25

LIFESTYLE AND BEHAVIOURAL APPROACHES
this approach is directed at improving risk factors related to an individuals behaviour.
example- reach out helps young people with poor mental health.
PREVENTATIVE MEDICAL APPROACHES
related to eliminating risk factors via medication or medical interventions which impact the health of individuals.
example- vaccinations in children
PUBLIC HEALTH APPROACHES
takes a more holistic approach to health and seeks to address underlying social and environmental approaches.
examples- welfare

Question 26

what is the Ottawa Charter?

Answer 26

the First International Conference of Health Promotion which recognises the need for:

• basic necessities
• social and personal resources
• equal opportunities and resources
• identifying who is responsible for health promotion.

Question 27

what are the 5 essential actions of the Ottawa Charter?

Answer 27

• developing personal skills
• reorienting health services
• building public health policies
• creating supportive environments
• strengthening community actions

Question 28

principles of social justice- equilty

Answer 28

taking action to achieve fairness. this may involve differing the strategy to suit an individual.

Question 29

principles of social justice- diversity

Answer 29

the acknowledgement of a diverse population and tailoring to strategies to cater for certain needs.

Question 30

principles of social justice- supportive environments

Answer 30

strategies put in place to help improve peoples environment and allow individuals the opportunity to good choices regarding their health.