Biases Flashcards
(22 cards)
Cognitive Bias
a genuine deficiency or limitation in our thinking — a flaw in judgment that arises from errors of memory, social attribution, and miscalculations (such as statistical errors or a false sense of probability).
Logical Fallacy
an error in logical argumentation (e.g. ad hominem attacks, slippery slopes, circular arguments, appeal to force, etc.).
Bandwagon Effect
The tendency to do (or believe) things because many other people do (or believe) the same. Related to herd instinct
Confirmation Bias
Looking for and valuing information that confirms what we believe. Misleads us about what is true.
Gamblers Fallacy
Putting a tremendous amount of weight on previous events
Interviewer Bias
The distortion of response to an interview which results from differential reactions to the style and personality of the interviewer or to their presentation of questions
Normalcy Bias
The refusal to plan for, or react to, a disaster which has never happened before
Measurement Bias (systematic error)
Systematically overstating or understating the true value of a measurement
Negativity Bias
Paying more attention to negative news or perceiving it to be more important
Normalcy Bias
The refusal to plan for, or react to, a disaster which has never happened before-like a fire or flood. And it is not rationale. We all have cognitive biases, it is just in our human nature, and the purpose of this course is to help give you strategies to work against our natural inclination to fall into decision making traps.
Observation Selection Bias
Suddenly noticing things that you did not notice before and wrongly assuming the frequency has increased
Performance Bias
When one group of subjects gets more attention than another group which results in differences between groups
Positive Expectation Bias
A sense that our luck has to eventually change
Publication Bias
When the outcome of a study influences the decision whether to publish it
Question Order
Inadvertently influencing responses due to the order questions are asked
Recall Bias
Participants to not remember previous events or experiences accurately
Respondent Fatigue Bias
A phenomenon that occurs when survey participants become tired which results in the quality of data deteriorating
Response Bias (survey bias)
A tendency for participants to answer questions untruthfully or inaccurately
Sampling/Selection Bias
Sample obtained is not reflective of the target population
Sponsor Bias (funding bias)
Study outcomes that support the interests of the study’s financial sponsor
Status Quo Bias
Making choices that guarantee things remain the same or change as little as possible
Verification Bias
Outcomes more likely to be found in treatment group due to investigators knowing which person is in experimental and control groups
