bible test ch. 1 and 2 Flashcards
(116 cards)
1
Q
testament
A
-written account of a covenant
-old and new testament = old and new covenant
2
Q
ancestors
A
-sometimes referred to as the patriarchs or matriarchs
-includes abraham/ sarah, isaac/ rebekah, jacob/rachel/leah
2
Q
bce
A
-an abbreviation for “before the common era”
-is used in place of bc (before christ) in academic studies
3
Q
israel
A
-the entire people descended from abraham and sarah
-the northern kindgom centered in samaria
-a symbolic name given to jacob
4
Q
egypt
A
-an ancient imperial power in northeast africa
-organized around the nile river
5
Q
exodus
A
-the second book of the pentateuch
-describes the liberation of the israelities from the oppressive rule of pharoah
-also describes the giving of the law at mount sinai
6
Q
the law
A
-the law of moses
-any regulations the jewish people understood as delineating faithfulness to God in terms of the coveneant he had made with israel
-used synonymously with torah
7
Q
judges
A
-the translation of hebrew term more properly translated as “deliverers” or “saviors”
-the people who goverened over israel before the united monarchy
8
Q
canaanite
A
-a term used to describe the inhabitants of the holy land prior to israels emergence there
9
Q
judah
A
-the southern kingdom centered in jerusalem
10
Q
northern kingdom
A
-10 tribes that broke away from judah after solomon’s reign
-it had alternative cultic sites at dan and bethel
11
Q
sacrifice
A
-the offering of something valuable
-ex. crops from a filed or an animal from one’s flock
-an expression of worship
12
Q
assyria
A
-the northern mesopotamian empire
-had a significant imipact on the northern and southern kingdoms of israel and judah especially during the 8th and 7th centuries bce
13
Q
samaritans
A
-semitic people who lived in samaria at the time of Jesus and claimed to be the true israel
-descendants of tribes taken into captivity by the assyrians
14
Q
exile
A
-shorthand for the 6th century bce period in which many jews were forcibly deported from the holy land and relocated to mesopotamia
-most notably babylon
15
Q
babylon
A
-a southern mesopotamian power
-responsible for the deportation of jews to mesopotamia
16
Q
exiles
A
-in israelite history, the jews who were deported to mesopotamia after jerusalem was conquered by babylon
17
Q
cyrus the great
A
-persian emperor
-conquered the ancient near east
-permittd exiled jews to return to their land and rebuild their temple
18
Q
persia
A
-a large area of mesopotamia
-north of the persian gulf
-the center of the persian empire which ruled portions of the anccient near east form 539- 332 bce
19
Q
ce
A
-a abbreviation for “common era”
-typically used for dates in place of ad (“in the year of the lord”)
20
Q
second temple period
A
-the era in jewish history between the dedication of the second jerusalem temple in 515 bce and its destruction in 70 ce
21
Q
synagogue
A
-a congregation of jews who gather for worship, prayer, and bible study
-a place where they gather for these purposes
22
Q
diaspora
A
-jews living in exile outside the holy land
-aka the dispersion
23
Q
torah
A
-the law of moses
-the pentateuch
-the first five books of the hebrew bible
24
ancient near east
-geographical area that runs east to west form turkey to the arabian peninsula
25
hellenistic
-affected by hellenism
-the invluence of greek and roman culture, customs, philosophy, and modes of thought
-ex. jewish people were said to be "hellenized" when they adopted greco-roman customs or came to believe porpositions derived from greek philosophy
26
seleucids
-the syrian dynastic family that rule palestine during the years 198- 167 bce
27
antiochus iv epiphanes
-a 2nd century bce king of the seleucid empire
-was responsible for religiously persecuting jews living in judea
-these events influenced the latter chapters of the book of daniel
28
hasmoenean
-the family name of the jewish rebels wo led a successful revolt against the syrians in 167 bce
29
principalities
-powerful spiritual beings that excersize their influence in a dimension not perceptabe to human senses
30
ptolemies
-the egyptian dynastic family that ruled palestine during the years 320- 198 bce
31
pentateuch
-the first 5 books of the bible
-sometimes called the torah
-genesis, exodus, leviticus, numbers, deuteronomy
32
holy land
-a term used to describe the land promised to abraham and sarah and their descendants
33
aram
-the ancestors of the armeans
-according the bible it also sometimes describes a geographical location referring to the aramic city state of damascus or locations where arameans live
34
neo-assyrian
-an empire based in northern mesopotamia
-ruled much of the ancient near east from the middle of the 8th century bce until 609 bce
35
neo-babylonian empire
-an empire based in southern mesopotamia
-ruled much of the ancient near east from 612-539 bce
36
yehud
-a term fort eh province of judah during the persian period
37
priests
-in second temple jerusalem they were people authorized to oversee the sacrificial system in the jerusalem temple
-closely associated with the saducees
38
prophet
-someone claiming to bear a message from a divine sourcw
39
second temple judaism
-a general term for the diverse culture, practices, and beliefs of jewish people during the second temple period
-this was from 515 bce- 70 ce
40
jordan river
-a marjor river system in israel running north to south
-connected the sea of galilee to the dead sea
41
transjordan
-the georgraphic region of israel east of the jordan river
42
polytheism
-the belief that there are multiple gods
43
henotheism
-a belief in mulitple gods
-also believe that 1 god rules over all others
44
monolatry
-the worship of a single god
-do not deny the existence of others
45
monotheism
-the belief that there is only one God
46
judaism
-a general term for the religious systems and beliefs of jewish people
-in Jesus' day there were varieties of judaism
-they all shared fundamental deas and practices
47
demon
-an evil or uncleann spirit
-capable of possesing people and incapacitating them with some form of illness or disability
48
anoint
-to use oil to symbolize the selection of a royal figure
49
iron age
-the period of human culture from 1200 ce to 586 ce
-the period in which israel developed form a loose confederation of tribes into a kingdom
50
scribes
-professionsal skilled in teaching, copying, and interpreting texts
-in second temple judaism they were closely associated with the pharisees
51
genre
-a type or form of literature
-(ex. poetry, letter, narrative)
52
scripture
-the sacred writings of the bible
-believed to be inspired by God
-viewed as authoritative for faith and practice
53
tanak
-an acronym for the jewish bible
-torah (pentateuch), nevi'im (prophets), and ketuvim (writings)
54
canon
-literally "rule" or "standard"
-refers to an authoritative list of books offically accepted as scripture
55
septuagint
-a greek tarnslation of the old testament
-produced during the last 3 centuries bce
-abbreviated lxx
-included 15 ectra books taht the protestant call the apocrypha
-eleven of these are classed as deutetronomical writings by roman catholics
56
protestant reformation
-a religious movement of the 16th century
-sought t reform roman catholic church
-led to the establishment of protestant churches
57
sadducees
-one of the major jewish groups during the second temple period
-closely related with the temple in jerusalem
-concerned with maintaining the sacrifical system
-most priests were sadducees
58
faith
-a strong belief in god or religious doctrines
-often an reitnatino of complete trust and confidence in God
-transforms one's life and being
59
compositional history
-a description of how a text came to be in its present form
60
manuscript
-in biblical studies it is a handwritten document containing a portion of the bible
61
vulgate
-a latin translation fo the bible
-produced by jerome in the 4th century ce
-virtually the only bible used in western christianity for over a thousand years
62
apocrypha
-books of the old testament with varying degrees of scriptural status and authority among the protestant, roman catholic, and orthodox christians
-many of these books are included int eh septuagint writings
63
deuterocanonical writings
-a term used primarily by roman catholics
-refers to eleven of the fifteen books that protestants call the apocrypha
-the books are regarded as "secondary canon"
-part of scripture but distinct from both old and new testament writings
64
persecution
-a program or campaign to exterminate, drive away, or subjugate people based on their membership in a religious ethnic, or social group
65
maccabees
-literally "hammers"
-the nickname given to jewish rebels who led a successful revolt against the syrians in 167 bce
66
wisdom literature/ wisdom tradition
-biblical and other ancient materials
-focus on common-sense observations about life
-examples include proverbs, job, and ecclesiastes
67
vision
-a revelatory, visual medium
-typically experienced by prophets and apocalyptic visionaries
68
dead sea scrolls
-a collection of jeish documents copied and preserved between 250 bce and 70 ce
69
qumran
-a site in palestine near the dead sea
-it is believed the essenes had their monastic community there
-many of the dead sea scrolls were found in close proximity to this settlement
70
oral tradition
-material passed on by word of mouth
-early christians relied on oral tradition and written sources when writing the gospels
71
pharaoh
-the tradition title for the king of egypt
72
deuteronomistic/ deuteronomy history
-an academic term for the narrative unit from deuteronomy through kings
73
pharisees
-one of the major jewish groups
-active during the second temple period
-associated with synagouges
-placed high value on faithfulness to the torah
-most rabbis and many scribes were pharisees
74
essenes
-ascetic separatist jews
-lived in private communities
-probably identified with the group that lived at qumran and preserved a library of manuscripts known as the dead sea scrolls
75
rabbis
-jewish teachers
-many had disciples or followers
-closely associated with the pharisees
76
talmud
-a collection of 63 books
-contain jewish civil and canonical law
-based on interpretations of scripture
77
mishnah
-a collection of rabbinic discussions
-about the interprestation of the law of moses
-forms one major part of the jewish talmud
78
social location
-a person's social identity in terms of age, gender, race, nationality, social class, marital status
79
what was the first time period of jewish history and when was it from?
-period of the ancestors
-prior to 1500 bce
80
what was the second time period of jewish history and when was it from?
-slavery in egypt and the exodus
-1500 -1240 bce
81
what was the third time period of the jewish history and when was it from?
-emergence of isreal and settlement in the land
-1200-1000 bce
82
what was the fourth time period of jewish history and when was it from?
-united monarchy
-1025- 922 bce
83
what was the fifth time period of jewish history and when was it from?
-divided monarchy
-922- 586 bce
84
what was the sixth time period of jewish history and when was it from?
-northern kingdom
-922- 722/21 bce
85
what was the seventh time period of jewish history and when was it from?
-southern kingdom
-922-586 bce
86
what was the eight time period of jewish history and when was it from?
-exile
-586- 537 bce
87
what was the ninth time period of jewish history and when was it from?
-persian period
-539-333 bce
88
what was the tenth time period of jewish history and when was it from?
-hellenistic period
-332- 63 bce
89
who were the kings of the united monarchy?
-saul
-david
-solomon
90
what two tribes made up judah?
-judah
-benjamin
91
who was the key ruler of the assyrian empire?
-shalemaneser II
92
who was the key ruler of the babylonian empire?
-nebuchadnezzar
93
what year was the northern kingdom captured?
722 bce
94
what year was the southern kingdom captured?
597 bce
95
what year was the second temple completed?
515 bce
96
which countries share a border with israel?
-syria
-moab
-edom
-ammon
-phoencia
97
which mountains were important to israel's history?
-mt carmel
-mt sinai
-mt hermon
-mt samaria?
98
what was the diet of the israelites like?
-bread
-wine
-olive oil
-grains
-rarely ate meat
-ate other fruits, veggies, and dairy products taht were seasonal
99
what crops did israelities grow?
-grapes
-olives
-grains
-other seasonal fruits and veggies
-beans
100
which tribe was made into the priests and was not given a land?
-levi or the levites
101
what does tanak mean in ancient hebrew?
-torah
-nevi'im
-ketuvim
102
what books make up the torah?
-genesis
-exodus
-leviticus
-numbers
-deuteronomy
103
what books make up the historical books?
-joshua
-judges
-ruth
-1 & 2 samuel
-1 & 2 kings
-1 & 2 chronicles
-ezra
-nehemiah
-esther
104
what books make up the wisdom and poetry books?
-job
-psalms
-proverbs
-ecclesiastes
-song of solomon
105
what books make up the major prophets?
-isaiah
-jeremiah
-lamentations
-ezekiel
-daniel
106
what books make up the minor prophets?
-hosea
-joel
-amos
-obadiah
-jonah
-micah
-nahum
-habakkuk
-zepaniah
-haggai
-zecharaiah
-malachi
107
what is the date of origins of the dead sea scrolls?
-they were created from 250 bce to 70 ce
108
what was the name of the group who created and preserved the dead sea scrolls?
-the essenes
109
what is the oldest texts in the bible?
-the songs:
-testament of jacob
-songs of moses and miriam
-exodus 34:6-7 (early creedal fragment)
-moses' farwell blessing
-psalm 68
-song of the bow
110
what is the masoretic text/ tradition?
-the modern versions of the tanak are based on these sources
-hebrew texts created by the masoretes
-the leningrad codex and the aleppo codex are the best ones
111
who were the masoretes?
-a group of scribes responsible for creating a system of marginal notes
-also copied and preserved the hebrew consonantal texts
-developed symbols for vowels, accents, and cantillation marks
-made the masoretic manuscripts like the leningrad and aleppo codexes
112
what is biblical authority?
-refers to the fact that the word is from God/ inspired by him
-the chapter and verse numbers themselves are not inspired by him
113
what is the three- part jewish canon?
-tanak
-torah (law)
-nevi'im (prophets)
-ketuvim (writings)
114
what is the five- part christian canon?
-pentateuch
-historical books
-poetry
-major prophets
-minor prophets
115
what are the lengingrad and aleppo codexes?
-masoretic manuscripts
-aleppo codex is the oldest, mostly complete text of the tanak
-leningrad is the complete manuscript while the aleppo is missing the pnetateuch and most of the writings
