Biff, Chip and HIPP

Question 1

What are the two ligaments which form the greater and lesser notch?

Answer 1

Sacrospinous ligament

Sacrotuberous ligament

Question 2

What is the point of the greater sciatic foramen?

Answer 2

It transmits structures leaving the pelvis to the lower limb

Question 3

What is the point of the lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 3

Transmits structures passing from the pelvis to the perineum

Question 4

What completes the acetabular labrum?

Answer 4

Transverse acetabular ligament

Question 5

What’s the bit in the middle of the head of the femur?

Answer 5

Fovea

Question 6

What surrounds the acetabulum and head of femur?

Answer 6

Capsule

Question 7

Does the capsule run further anteriorly or posteriorly?

Answer 7

Anteriorly

Question 8

Fractures of the hip are classified as?

Answer 8

Intracapsular

Extracapsular

Question 9

What are the four ligaments reinforcing the capsule?

Answer 9

Ligament of the femoral head
Ilio-femoral ligament
Pubo-femoral ligament
Ischio-femoral ligament

Question 10

Which two arteries supply the femoral head?

Answer 10

Profunda femoris

Obturator artery

Question 11

What are the two branches of the profunda femoris?

Answer 11

Lateral circumflex artery

Medial circumflex artery

Question 12

Which branch of the obturator artery supplies the femoral head and where does it lie?

Answer 12

Acetabular branch; lies in the ligament

Question 13

Describe an intracapsular fracture

Answer 13

Fracture of the femoral head or neck

Question 14

Describe an extracapsular fracture

Answer 14

Fracture at the intertrochanteric line

Question 15

What can result from an intracapsular fracture?

Answer 15

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head due to damage to the circumflex arteries

Question 16

Which type of NOF fracture is more common?

Answer 16

Intracapsular

Question 17

Which parts of the lumbar plexus feed the lumbar sacral plexus?

Answer 17

L4-L5

Question 18

Which muscle runs behind the greater sciatic foramen?

Answer 18

Piriformis

Question 19

Which nerve artery and vein runs above the piriformis?

Answer 19

Superior gluteal artery
Superior gluteal vein
Superior gluteal nerve

Question 20

List some structures below the piriformis (6 nerves, 2 arteries and 2 veins)

Answer 20

Inferior gluteal artery, vein and nerve
Internal pudendal artery, vein and nerve
Sciatic nerve
Nerves to obturator internus 
Nerves to quadratus femoris 
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

Question 21

List the contents of the lesser sciatic foramen

Answer 21

Pudendal nerve
Pudendal vessels
Tendon of obturator internus

Question 22

List the contents of the obturator foramen

Answer 22

Obturator nerve

Obturator vessels

Question 23

Name the key points of the anterior ilium to which muscles attach, and name which muscle compartment does this.

Answer 23

Iliac fossa
ASIS
Anterior inferior iliac spine 
Pubis
Ischipubic ramus 

Hip flexors of anterior compartment

Question 24

What attaches to the iliac fossa?

Answer 24

Iliacus of iliopsoas muscle

Question 25

Which two muscles attach to the anterior superior iliac spine?

Answer 25

Sartorius | Tensor facia lata

Question 26

Which muscle attaches to the anterior inferior iliac spine?

Answer 26

Rectus femoris

Question 27

Where do the adductor compartment muscles attach to proximally?

Answer 27

Pubis/ischiopubic ramus

Question 28

Where do the posterior compartment muscles attach to proximally?

Answer 28

Ischial tuberosity

Question 29

Which other muscle (not part of the posterior compartment) partially attaches to the ischial tuberosity?

Answer 29

Adductor magnus

Question 30

Which muscles are the hip adductors?

Answer 30

Pectineus Adductor longus, brevis and magnus Gracilis

Question 31

Which compartment houses the short external rotators of the hip?

Answer 31

Deep gluteal compartment

Question 32

Which muscles are in the deep gluteal muscle compartment?

Answer 32

``` Piriformis Obturator internus Superior gamellus Inferior gamells Quadrator femoris ```

Question 33

Where do the deep fibres of the gluteal maximus attach distally?

Answer 33

Deep fibres attach to gluteal tuberosity

Question 34

Where do the superficial fibres of the gluteal maximus attach distally?

Answer 34

Iliotibial tract

Question 35

What is the function of the gluteus maximus?

Answer 35

Hip extension Lateral rotation Abduction

Question 36

What is the function of the gluteus medius and minimus muscles?

Answer 36

Hip abduction

Question 37

Where do the gluteus medius and minimus muscles attach distally?

Answer 37

Greater trochanter

Question 38

Where do the deep gluteal muscles attach distally?

Answer 38

Greater trochanter

Question 39

What is the function of the deep gluteal muscles?

Answer 39

Lateral rotation of hip

Question 40

Where does the piriformis attach proximally and distally?

Answer 40

Proximally: anterior sacrum Distally: medial aspect of greater trochanter

Question 41

What does the piriformis do to the greater sciatic foramen?

Answer 41

It splits it into two

Question 42

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the obturator internus?

Answer 42

Proximal - obturator membrane | Distal - medial aspect of greater trochanter

Question 43

Which two muscles have their distal attachments on the medial aspect of the greater trochanter?

Answer 43

Piriformis | Obturator internus

Question 44

Which side sags in a positive Trendelenberg test?

Answer 44

Sound side (aka the side that is functioning fine) is the side that drops Sound side sags.

Question 45

Where does the iliopsoas attach distally?

Answer 45

Lesser trochanter

Question 46

What is the iliacus supplied by?

Answer 46

Femoral nerve