Big 10 Flashcards
(50 cards)
1st
Quartz, SiO2, Hexagonal
2nd
Orthoclase, KAlSi3O8 Monoclinic
3rd
Albite NaAlSi3O8 Mono/Tri
4th
Anorthite, CaAlSi3O8 Triclinic
5th
Muscovite KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2, Monoclinic
6th
Biotite K(Mg,Fe)3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2, Monoclinic
7th
Amphibole (Ca,Mg,Fe)7(Si8O22)(OH)2 Monoclinic
8th
Pyroxenes (Ca,Mg,Fe)2Si2O6 Ortho/Mono
9th
Olivines (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 Ortho
10th
Calcite CaCO3 Hexagonal
Cycloslilicate
ring silicate, have linked tetrahedra with (SixO3x)2x− or a ratio of 1:3. ex: Beryl
What is a mineral?
Naturally occurring, solid at ambient temperature, represented by a chemical formula, and a fixed crystal structure
Haldies
ex: Halite, Flourite
Carbonates
ex: Calcite
Gemstone
Any non-metallic mineral or other natural material that can be cut & polished for use in jewelry or related products.
Indices of Refraction
The index of refraction, n, is the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum, c, to the speed of light in a medium, c
Isotropic
have the same chemical bonding in every direction, and consequently have the same refractive index in every direction.
Anisotropic
Anisotropic minerals have different chemical bonds in different directions and consequently have different refractive indices in different directions.
Inosilicates (single)
single chain- This class is characterized by its one-dimensional chains and bands created by the linkage of SiO4 tetrahedrons. Single chains may be formed by the sharing of two oxygen atoms from each tetrahedron,1:3 ex:pyroxene
Inosilicates (double)
Double chain- Two such chains that are aligned side by side with alternate tetrahedrons sharing an additional oxygen atom form bands of double chains. 4:11 ex:amphibole
phylosilicates
Sheet silicate- minerals characterised by infinite sheets of silicate tetrahedra 2:5 ex: mica
tectosilicates
Framework silicate- Almost 75 percent of Earth’s crust is composed of minerals with the three-dimensional framework of the tectosilicates. All oxygen atoms of the SiO4 tetrahedrons of members of this class are shared with nearby tetrahedrons, creating a strongly bound structure with an Si:O ratio of 1:2. Feldspars
Neosilicate
Isolated tetrahedron 1:2
Mohs’ Hardness scale
Talc, gypsum, calcite, flourite, apatite, orthoclase, quartz, topaz, corundum, diamond
