Big C

Question 1

Can originate almost anywhere in the body

Answer 1

Cancer

Question 2

The most common types of cancer, arise from the cells that cover external and internal body surfaces.

Answer 2

Carcinomas

Question 3

Lung, breast and colon are the most frequent cancers of this type in the US.

Answer 3

Carcinomas

Question 4

Found in the supporting tissues of the body such as bone, cartilage, fat, connective tissue and muscle.

Answer 4

Sarcomas

Question 5

Arise in the lymph nodes and tissues of the body’s immune system.

Answer 5

Lymphomas

Question 6

Cancers of the immature blood cells that grow in the bone marrow and tend to accumulate large numbers in the bloodstream.

Answer 6

Leukemia

Question 7

Can result from uncontrolled cell growth or loss of a cell’s ability to undergo cell suicide by a process called

Answer 7

Apoptosis or Cell suicide

Question 8

Old or damged cells normally self-destruct

Answer 8

Apoptosis or Cell suicide

Question 9

The thin outermost layer of normal skin and is roughly a dozen cells thick.

Answer 9

Epidermis

Question 10

Divide just fast enough to replenish cells that are continually being shed from the surface of the skin.

Answer 10

Basal cells

Question 11

Increase in the number of dividing cells creates a growing mass of tissue

Answer 11

Tumor or neoplasm

Question 12

Cancers are capable of spreading throughout the body by 2 mechanism:

Answer 12

1. Invasion

3. Metastasis

Question 13

The direct migration and penetration bu cancer cells into neighboring tissues.

Answer 13

Invasion

Question 14

The ability of cancer cells to penetrate into lymphatic and blood vessels, circulate through the bloodstream and then invade normal tissues elsewhere in the body.

Answer 14

Metastasis

Question 15

• Tumor cells grow only locally and cannot spread by invasion or metastasis.

Answer 15

Benign

Question 16

• Cells invade neighboring tissues, enter blood vessels, and metastasize to different sites.
• Capable of spreading by invasion and metastasis.

Answer 16

Malignant (cancer)

Question 17

Increases a person’s chance of getting a disease

Answer 17

Risk factors

Question 18

Risks factors of cancer:

Answer 18

• personal profile
   - age, sex, fam. med history 
• environment
   - exposure to radiation 
• lifestyle choices
   - tobacco, alcohol, diet, sun exposure

Question 19

When cells in a part of the body begin to grow out of control

Answer 19

Cancer

Question 20

The main cause of lung cancer and to contributes to many other kinds of cancer (mouth, larynx, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, kidney and bladder)

Answer 20

Cigarette smoking

Question 21

Breast cancer risk factors:

Answer 21

Age; changes in hormone levels
Obesity
Physical activity
Alcohol consumption

Question 22

Prostate cancer are related to

Answer 22

Age
Race
Diet
History

Question 23

Felt or noticed by a person (you can feel it by yourself)

Answer 23

Symptoms

Question 24

Observations made by a doctor, nurse

Answer 24

Sign

Question 25

Cancer signs and symptoms will depend on

Answer 25

Size of the cancer Location of the cancer How much it affects the structures

Question 26

The process if finding out how dar the cancer has spread

Answer 26

Staging

Question 27

A vital step in determining the treatment choices

Answer 27

Staging the cancer

Question 28

The system most often used

Answer 28

TNM system

Question 29

A period of time when the cancer is responding to treatment or is under control

Answer 29

Remission

Question 30

All the signs and symptoms of the disease disappear

Answer 30

Complete remission

Question 31

Cancer shrinks but does not completely disappear

Answer 31

Partial remission

Question 32

Can last anywherr from several weeks to many years

Answer 32

Remission

Question 33

May continue for years and be considered cured

Answer 33

Complete remissions

Question 34

Rad thera can be used in combination with other treatments such as

Answer 34

``` Surgery Chemotherapy Biologic therapies Hormone therapies Transplant options Photodynamic therapy ```

Question 35

Treatment will depend on

Answer 35

``` Type of cancer Stage of cancer Age Health status Patient's personal preferences ```

Question 36

To control it or treat symptoms

Answer 36

Palliative

Question 37

To cure cancer

Answer 37

Curative

Question 38

Used to treat cancer cells that have metastasized (spread) | In general, works by interrupting cell growth and division

Answer 38

Chemotherapy

Question 39

Chemotherapy administered in a variety of ways such as

Answer 39

``` Oral Intravenous Intramuscular Intrathecal Intraperitoneal ```

Question 40

Mostly administered in 1-3 days cycle that are repeated every 4 wks, for a period of 3-9 months

Answer 40

Chemotherapy

Question 41

Uses the body's immune system to fighth cancer or to lessen the side effects of some cancer treatments.

Answer 41

Biologic therapy

Question 42

Biologic therapy sometimes called

Answer 42

Immunotherapy Biotherapy Or Biological response modifier therapy

Question 43

Chemicals that are naturally produced by the organs making uo the body's endocrine system

Answer 43

Hormones

Question 44

There are few ways in which this can be achieved (cancers are fueled by hormones)

Answer 44

Block the hormones from acting Prevent the body from producing the hormone Eliminate the hormone receptors on cells

Question 45

Uses a light source such as a laser combined with a light sensitive drug (photosensitising agent) to destroy cancer cells

Answer 45

Photodynamic therapy (PDT)

Question 46

Makes cells more responsive to light Can damage the blood supply to the tumor preventing the cancer from growing

Answer 46

Light sensitive drug

Question 47

May trigger the immune system to attack the cancer cells

Answer 47

PDT