Big To Small

Question 1

Cell Wall

Answer 1

Keeps the shape of the cell.
In plants it is made of cellulose (sell - u - lowse)
In fungi it is made of chitin (ky - tin)

Question 2

Cell Membrane

Answer 2

A semi permeable membrane around the cell that controls what comes in and out

Question 3

Cytoplasm

Answer 3

Where all the chemical reactions take place

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

controls the cell, contains DNA - chromosomes + genes

Question 5

Mitochondria

Answer 5

where respiration takes place

Question 6

Vacuole

Answer 6

Cell sap store, energy store

Question 7

Ribosomes

Answer 7

Create proteins

Question 8

Chloroplasts

Answer 8

Where photosynthesis takes place (contains chlorophyll (klaw - ro - fill))

Question 9

Similarities between a plant and animal cell

Answer 9

Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes

Question 10

Differences between a plant and animal cell

Answer 10

Plants have:
Chloroplasts
Cell wall
Vacuole

Question 11

Chemical elements in carbohydrates

Answer 11

CHO
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Question 12

Chemical elements in protein

Answer 12

CHON
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Question 13

Chemical elements in Lipids

Answer 13

CHO
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

Question 14

Structure of proteins

Answer 14

Amino Acids

Question 15

Structure of lipids

Answer 15

Glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 16

Starch and glycogen are…..

Answer 16

Simple sugars

Question 17

Test for Glucose

Answer 17

Add Benedict’s solution
Place in 80 degree hot water bath for 5 minutes
Blue -> Red

Question 18

Test for protein

Answer 18

Add buiret solution
Shake
Blue -> Purple

Question 19

Test for lipids(fats)

Answer 19

Add water (shake), add ethanol (shake)
Turns milky white

Question 20

Test for starch

Answer 20

Add iodine to sample on a spotting tile
Orange -> blue/black

Question 21

DNA Shape

Answer 21

Double helix, linked by pair base = A -T and C - G

Question 22

What is a biological catalyst

Answer 22

A substance that speeds up a reaction (Enzymes)

Question 23

How to enzymes work

Answer 23

Enzyme and substrate collide
Substrate binds to the enzymes active site
Reaction happens (Enzyme - substrate complex)
Products go away

Question 24

How does a lower temperature effect the enzyme rate of reaction

Answer 24

Lower temperature = enzymes have low kinetic energy + move slowly
Less enzyme/substrate collisions

Question 25

How does a higher temperature effect the enzyme rate of reaction

Answer 25

Higher temperature = more kinetic energy, enzymes are moving faster Collisions between enzymes/substrate are harder so the enzymes active site is damages Substrate doesn’t fit No successful reactions

Question 26

Put these in order from small -> large, and add examples: Organism, Tissue, Cell, Organs, Organelle, Organ system

Answer 26

Organelle (Mitrochondria) Cell (Red blood cell) Tissue - makes up organs Organs (Stomach) Organ system (digestive system) Organism (Human)

Question 27

What are specialised cells

Answer 27

All cells begin as stem cells, then get told what to do. Some stem cells become **specialised cells** They have a specific functions such as a sperm cell, red blood cell, or leaf cell. They have special adaptions

Question 28

What is a eukaryote

Answer 28

Cells of animals, plants and fungi are called eukaryotic cells . They contain membrane bound organelles such as a nucleus and mitochondria.

Question 29

What is a prokaryote

Answer 29

Simple cells that lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. They are single-celled organisms such as bacteria

Question 30

What is a pathogen

Answer 30

A microorganism that causes disease