BILL OF RIGHTS Flashcards
BILL OF RIGHTS (29 cards)
This means everyone is entitled to fair treatment under the law and cannot be arbitrarily deprived of life, liberty, or property.
Section 1: Right to due process and equal protection.
Authorities need a valid warrant based on probable cause to search a person’s property or arrest
Section 2: Protection from unreasonable searches and seizures.
This right is inviolable unless a court order permits it or when public safety is at stake. Evidence obtained illegally is inadmissible in court.
Section 3: Privacy of communication and correspondence.
This guarantees citizens the right to express themselves, gather peacefully, and seek government action.
Section 4: Freedom of speech, expression, press, assembly, and petition
The government cannot establish a state religion or prohibit its free exercise. No religious tests are allowed for civil or political rights.
Section 5: Freedom of religion.
These rights can only be limited by a court order or when national security, public safety, or public health are at risk.
Section 6: Liberty of abode and right to travel.
Citizens have access to official records and documents, except for information that could compromise national security or other sensitive matters.
Section 7: Right to information on matters of public concern.
This protects the right to organize for purposes not against the law.
Section 8: Right to form unions and associations
Private property cannot be taken for public use without fair compensation.
Section 9: Private property rights.
The government cannot pass laws that violate existing contracts.
Section 10: Non-impairment of contracts.
Poverty should not be a barrier to seeking justice.
Section 11: Access to courts and legal assistance.
This includes the right to remain silent, have legal counsel (provided if unaffordable), and protection from torture and illegal detention.
Section 12: Rights of the accused.
Except for those facing serious charges with strong evidence, individuals are entitled to bail and cannot be subjected to excessive bail amounts.
Section 13: Right to bail.
This ensures a fair and impartial trial, including the presumption of innocence and the right to confront witnesses.
Section 14: Right to due process and a fair trial.
This protects against unlawful detention and can only be suspended in cases of invasion or rebellion.
Section 15: Privilege of the writ of habeas corpus.
This guarantees prompt resolution of cases in courts and administrative bodies.
Section 16: Right to a speedy disposition of cases.
Individuals cannot be forced to testify against themselves.
Section 17: Right against self-incrimination.
This prohibits imprisonment based on political opinions and forced labor.
Section 18: Freedom from detention due to political beliefs and involuntary servitude.
Individuals cannot be jailed for failing to pay debts or poll taxes.
Section 20: Non-imprisonment for debt.
Excessive fines and inhumane treatment are forbidden, and the death penalty is restricted to heinous crimes.
Section 19: Prohibition of cruel, degrading, or inhuman punishment.
No one can be tried or punished twice for the same offense.
Section 21: Protection against double jeopardy.
Laws cannot retroactively criminalize an act or impose punishment without trial.
Section 22: Prohibition of ex post facto laws and bills of attainder.
Citizens have a duty to be patriotic and protect the country.
Loyalty to the Republic and defense of the State.
Citizens should work with government officials.
Cooperation with authorities.
