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Bine Injury Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

What percentage of fractures occur in sport?

A

11%

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2
Q

What type of fractures are most commonly seen in sports?

A

Closed fractures

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3
Q

What is the typical consequence of fractures in sports?

A

High time-loss

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4
Q

What percentage of fractures occur in the lower limb?

A

73%

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5
Q

What percentage of fractures occur in the upper limb?

A

71%

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6
Q

What percentage of upper limb fractures are treated conservatively?

A

Around 90%

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7
Q

What percentage of fractures in sport are managed with surgery?

A

40%

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8
Q

Which sports account for over half of fractures in sport?

A

Football and Rugby

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9
Q

What should be considered when assessing fracture risk in sports?

A

Participation numbers

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: ____% of fractures in sport occur in the foot and ankle.

A

73%

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11
Q

Risk factors related to bone injuries

A

Demand of sport
Protective equipment
Surface and equipment
Age
Biomechanics
Training load

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12
Q

Mechanism of acute fracture

A

Direct force contact to bone

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13
Q

What are stress fractures primarily caused by?

A

Repetitive actions coupled with force

Stress fractures occur due to repeated stress and loads on the bones.

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14
Q

Which limb do stress fractures mostly occur in?

A

Lower limb

Stress fractures are primarily observed in the lower limb due to its exposure to stress and loads.

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15
Q

What is the prognosis for stress fractures if identified early?

A

Good prognosis

Early identification of stress fractures leads to a better recovery outcome.

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16
Q

What is a potential risk if stress fractures are not treated properly?

A

Non-union

Some locations of stress fractures may lead to complications such as non-union if not addressed.

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17
Q

What should athletes maintain to prevent stress fractures?

A

Good training rest ratio

Ensuring a proper balance between training and rest can help mitigate the risk of stress fractures.

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18
Q

List three high-risk locations for stress fractures.

A
  • Femoral Neck (tension side)
  • Scaphoid & Carpals
  • Patella
    Anterior tibia
    Calacaneus
    Talus
    Navicular
    Medial malleolus

These locations are particularly susceptible to stress fractures due to their anatomical and functional characteristics.

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19
Q

List three low-risk locations for stress fractures.

A
  • Clavicle
  • Scapula
  • Humerus
    Ulna
    Radius
    Posterior tibia
    ## Footnote

While still possible, these locations are generally less prone to stress fractures compared to others.

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20
Q

True or False: Stress fractures can occur in the femoral shaft.

A

True

The femoral shaft is one of the locations where stress fractures can occur.

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21
Q

Fill in the blank: Stress fractures can occur in the _______ and _______.

A

[Navicular], [Metatarsal Shaft]

These bones are among those that can experience stress fractures.

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22
Q

Identify one location associated with compression side stress fractures.

A

Femoral Neck

The femoral neck is known to be a site of stress fractures under compression.

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23
Q

What is one common symptom of a stress fracture?

A

Pain during activity

Stress fractures typically present as pain that worsens with physical activity.

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24
Q

What is an avulsion injury?

A

An injury where part of a bone where a tendon or ligament is attached pulls away

Avulsion injuries can involve soft tissue becoming detached or part of the bone itself being pulled away.

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25
What are the possible management options for an avulsion injury?
Sometimes managed without surgery, depending on the severity ## Footnote The decision for surgery depends on how far the bone or tissue has come away.
26
What types of avulsion injuries exist?
Over-use or acute injuries ## Footnote Over-use injuries develop gradually, while acute injuries occur suddenly.
27
What are some risk factors for avulsion injuries?
Risk factors include: * Age * Training load * Playing surface * Muscle tightness ## Footnote These factors can increase the likelihood of sustaining an avulsion injury.
28
What is a common site for both acute fractures and stress fractures?
Tibia ## Footnote The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg.
29
What type of trauma is a common cause of acute tibia fractures?
Direct trauma to the bone
30
What are common mechanisms for stress fractures in the tibia?
Repetitive running or jumping
31
What is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg?
Tibia
32
What is the most common type of wrist fracture?
Distal radius fracture
33
What type of fractures are mostly seen in the wrist and hand?
Acute fractures
34
What is the mechanism of injury for a distal radius fracture?
A fall onto an outstretched hand
35
True or False: Over-use is a common cause of distal radius fractures.
False
36
Fill in the blank: Any of the bones in the wrist and hand can become fractured, however, some are more common than others. The _______ is the most common type of wrist fracture.
distal radius fracture
37
What types of fractures can occur in the 5th metatarsal?
Acute or stress response fractures
38
Where do stress fractures of the 5th metatarsal typically occur?
Further back on the bone
39
What is the mechanism behind stress fractures in the 5th metatarsal?
Repetitive over-use
40
What typically causes fractures of the head and shaft of the 5th metatarsal?
Impact or extreme force
41
What is an avulsion fracture of the 5th metatarsal?
Occurs when the foot rolls too far inwards and the tendon of the peroneal muscle pulls away from the bone
42
What can cause an avulsion fracture of the 5th metatarsal?
It can be traumatic or due to over-use
43
What is a lumbar stress fracture?
An over-use injury.
44
Who is more susceptible to lumbar stress fractures?
Youth athletes who are at PHV.
45
What type of athletes are at increased risk of lumbar stress fractures?
Athletes who frequently rotate through their core or complete high-load repetitive actions.
46
What factors increase the risk of lumbar stress fractures?
Poor posture and weak stabilising muscles.
47
What can sport governing bodies do to ensure safety in sports?
Change/update rules based on injury epidemiology data ## Footnote This involves assessing data on injuries to make informed decisions about rule changes.
48
What is the purpose of head injury assessments in sports?
To evaluate and manage head injuries during play ## Footnote These assessments help in determining whether a player can safely continue participating.
49
What type of tackles are addressed in the context of Rugby?
Tackles that may result in head injuries ## Footnote Evaluations of tackles are essential for player safety and rule adjustments.
50
What role does protective equipment play in sports?
It helps reduce the risk of injuries ## Footnote Protective gear is designed to safeguard players from impacts and injuries.
51
What technology may be allowed to enhance player safety?
Head impact technology ## Footnote This technology can monitor and assess the severity of head impacts during games.
52
What is the aim of protective helmets?
To redistribute the impact forces ## Footnote Helmets are designed to minimize the risk of head injury during impacts.
53
What are the two main components of a helmet?
Tough exterior and a foam interior ## Footnote The tough exterior absorbs impact while the foam interior provides cushioning.
54
At lower speeds, what do helmets provide?
The desired level of protection ## Footnote Helmets are effective in protecting against injuries at lower speeds.
55
What happens to the level of protection from helmets at higher speeds?
The level of protection diminishes ## Footnote Higher speed impacts can exceed the protective capability of helmets.
56
What is a performance consideration regarding helmets?
False sense of protection could increase risk of injury to self and others ## Footnote Users may engage in riskier behaviors believing they are fully protected.
57
What does the British Dental Association recommend for anyone participating in contact sports?
Mouthguards
58
Why should mouthguards be well fitted?
To offer full protection
59
What does the Academy of Sports Dentistry state about mouthguards?
They must protect from direct and indirect trauma
60
How often should mouthguards be inspected?
Routinely by a dentist, depending on the age of the athlete and demands of the sport
61
What aspects can mouthguards affect that may impact athletic performance?
Speech and comfort
62
True or False: Mouthguards are proposed to reduce the risk of concussion.
True
63
Mouthguards should be inspected by a dentist based on what factors?
* Age of the athlete * Demands of the sport
64
Fill in the blank: Mouthguards can affect _______ and comfort of the athlete.
speech
65
What is currently under-researched regarding mouthguards?
Their effectiveness in reducing the risk of concussion

Sports Injury (3 decks)

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