Bingo Definitions

Question 1

Generic

Answer 1

Refers to a group name i.e., the penicillin

Question 2

Pharmac

Answer 2

a New Zealand crown entity that decides on behalf of District Health Boards, which medicines and pharmaceutical products are subsidised for use in the community and public hospitals

Question 3

Parenteral

Answer 3

The administration of drugs by any route other than the mouth

Question 4

Receptor

Answer 4

A large group of proteins that are molecule targets for drugs and ligands

Question 5

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 5

The study of how a drug is altered during the process of-absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion.

Question 6

Enzyme

Answer 6

Biological molecule that catalyses a chemical reaction or causes a chemical change in another substance

Question 7

Small intestine

Answer 7

The major site for absorption of orally administered drugs

Question 8

Hepatic First Pass Effect

Answer 8

Orally administered drugs pass from the intestine to the liver before reaching the systemic circulation resulting in a proportion of the medication being metabolised by the liver before it reaches the blood stream

Question 9

Metabolism

Answer 9

The enzymatic breakdown of a drug to a metabolite, that is typically less biologically active and more water soluble (making it easier to be excreted via urine)

Question 10

Agonist

Answer 10

A drug that binds to and activates the receptor and blocks the access to the endogenous ligand, thus disminishing the normal response

Question 11

Antagonist

Answer 11

A drug that binds to receptor and blocks the access to the endogenous ligand, thus diminishing the normal response

Question 12

Adverse drug reaction

Answer 12

Unintended and undesirable response to a drug

Question 13

Adverse drug reaction type A

Answer 13

Predictable, unintended, and undesirable response to a drug

Question 14

Adverse drug reaction type B

Answer 14

Unpredictable, unintended, undesirable response to a drug

Question 15

Lysis

Answer 15

the disintegration of a cell by rupture of the cell wall or membrane

Question 16

Pro-drug

Answer 16

A drug that is converted to its active form after absorption

Question 17

Bacterial cell wall

Answer 17

Complex, mesh like structure that in most bacteria is essential for maintenance of cell shape and structural integrity

Question 18

Steady state

Answer 18

The situation in which the rate of a drug administered equals the rate of elimination and the plasma concentration remains constant.

Question 19

Half-life

Answer 19

The time taken for the blood or plasma concentration of a drug to fall by 50%

Question 20

Pharmacogenetics

Answer 20

The study of genetic differences that can alter an individuals response to a drug

Question 21

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 21

The study of the interaction between a drug and its molecular target and the physiological response. What the drug does to the body - usually described as mechanism of action

Question 22

Enzyme induction

Answer 22

A cause for metabolic drug interactions. Usually arrises from an increase synthesis of more of the enzyme protein, leading to an increase in drug metabolism.

Question 23

Medsafe

Answer 23

The New Zealand Medicines and Medical Devices Safety Authority, is the medical regulatory body run by the New Zealand Ministry of Health

Question 24

Creatinine clearance

Answer 24

The volume of blood plasma cleared of creatinine per unit time. It is a rapid and cost effective method for the measurement of renal function.

Question 25

Efficacy

Answer 25

The ability of a drug to achieve its desired therapeutic response.

Question 26

Ligand

Answer 26

a substance that forms a complex with a receptor to serve a biological purpose

Question 27

Elimination

Answer 27

The irreversible loss of a drug from the body by the process of metabolism and excretion.

Question 28

Potency

Answer 28

The amount of drug required to produce 50% of the drugs maximal effect, the more potent the drug, the lower the dose required for a given effect.

Question 29

Specificity

Answer 29

refers to the narrowness of action of a drug; the property of the drug that acts at one site producing one effect.

Question 30

Theraputic index

Answer 30

A ratio that compares the blood concentration at which a drug becomes toxic and the concentration at which a drug is effective. The larger the ratio the safer the drug is.

Question 31

Partial agonist

Answer 31

Binds to and activates a receptor but is only able to elicit partial efficacy at that receptor.

Question 32

Zero order kinetics

Answer 32

Elimination of drugs at a constant rate regardless of the plasma concentration.

Question 33

Loading dose

Answer 33

A larger than normal dose administered as the first in a series of doses. It is administered to achieve a therapeutic amount in the body more rapidly than would occur only by accumulation of the repeated smaller doses.