Bio 1: Midterm terms on Lab#1-5 Flashcards by Valentina Benavides

Which of the following options is correct?
All equipment used in your laboratory class should be cleaned and returned to the proper location
You and your team are not responsible for the cleanliness of youe laboratory area
You are allowed to eat in lab
All broken glass and cover slips should be placed in the trash
It is perfectly acceptable to copy other lab partners answers instead of doing work yourself

All equipment used in your laboratory class should be cleaned and returned to the proper location

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T or F the presence of antigens Rh on the surface of red blood cells is called “positive blood type” while the absence of these antigens Rh is called”negative blood type”

True

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After placing drops of a sample blood on the blood typing tray then dropping antibody A serum on one depression, antibody B serum on the second depression and antibody Rh serum on the third depression, you observed that this sample blood agglutinates only on the depression where you had dropped the antibody Rh serum. We conclude that this blood type is?

O positive

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Which blood type is indicated in the picture shown below? (A, no agglutination, B agglutination, Rh no agglutination)?

B-

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Which blood type is indicated in the picture shown below? (A, agglutination, B agglutination, Rh no agglutination)?

AB-

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How many centimeters are in a meter? How many grams in a kilogram?

1m=100cm; 1g=0.001 kg

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What is the boiling point and freezing point of water in C?

0 C and 100 C

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Choose the best answer that best describes the scientific method?

Observation, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion

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Which step corresponds to this phase of the scientific investigation? “After making observations and gathering knowledge about a phenomenon, a scientist uses inductive reasoning – possible explanation for a natural event also called, “an educated guess”

hypothesis

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During the Mt SAC murder investigation, evidence was collected and several techniques were applied in order to solve a crime. Which of the following types of evidence were described using quantitative data?

Blunt object and the blood alcohol content

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T or F, the analysis of the carpet and soil found at the crime scene were most conclusive pieces of evidence to accept or reject the original hypothesis of a crime

false

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You were asked to create two different graphs with the data collected of the blunt objects found. Which graph was more helpful to identify the actual murder weapon?

Length/weight relationship of blunt objects

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After measuring the weight and length of each of the blunt objects, which of the following seemed to be the weapon used to kill mark?

Metal

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After the murder crime investigation was partially concluded by your team, which of the following suspects seem to be the responsible one for the demise of mark?

Suspect 2

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You are making an experiment to see if there is any correlation between the chances of a heart attack and the amount of cholesterol in the diet. What would be your X (independent factor) and Y (dependent) variables in this experiment?

The independent variable (X axis) would be the amount of cholesterol in the diet and Y would be the probability of a heart attack.

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Eating nutrient-rich food is important for a variety of reasons. Food is necessary as a(n)___ source. ____ is often reported as calories

Energy

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Unless you buy the low or non fast versions, which of the following foods contain a lot of “hidden” fat?

Milk, cheese, and mayonnaise

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Salt adds flavor to our food and is used liberally by many food manufacturers; however there are concerns that excess salt in the diet may contribute to health issues such as?

High blood pressure (hypertension)

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Which enzyme is specific to break starch down into smaller molecules?

amylase

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The enzyme mentioned above reduced(brown down) lipids found in milk and smaller molecules. What is the name of these smaller molecules(monomers) that the starch is made of?

Glucose

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Which enzyme is specific to break down lipids into smaller molecules?

Lipase

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Which enzyme (mentioned above) reduced (broke down) lipids found in milk into smaller molecules. What is the name of these smaller molecules(monomer) that lipids are made of?

Fatty acids and glycerol

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Enzymes must have optimum ____ and ____ at which it works best and maintains its normal shape. Which of the following options are the two most important factors which can alter the molecular shape of the enzyme?

Temperature and pH

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Based on the following chemical reactions which of the following is not correct 2 H2O2(hydrogen peroxide) + catalase → 2 H2O(water) + O2(oxygen)
Catalase is the enzyme of this chemical reaction
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is the “product” molecule of this chemical reaction
Water and oxygen are the “products” of this chemical reaction
Hydrogen peroxide is the substrate for the enzyme catalase

hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is the “product” molecule of this chemical reaction

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Based on the catalase experiment, which gas was in the bubbles that we observed in the test tubes?

O2 Oxygen

During the catalase experiment, which test tube was positively affected by the enzyme's ability to perform its function?

Test tube with a raw piece of chipped potato (high surface area)

During the calorimeter experiment, in the lab, we used two types of food to measure their caloric contents. Which one of these two types of food presented more energy (caloric content)?

Sunflower kernels

T or F. fats release almost double the energy of carbohydrates and proteins. The energy content of fats in about 9 kcals/g while the energy content carbohydrates and proteins is about 4 kcal/g each

True

An enzyme is said to be ___ when its 3 D shape is altered. A ____ enzyme can no longer be functional.

Denatured

Today more than ____ of all chronic disease is caused by food choice, toxic food ingredients, nutritional deficiencies and lack of physical exercise. Quote by Mike adams, the health ranger from the natural news.com(Natural health, natural living natural news)

95%

Which microscope uses multiple lenses and it is designed for viewing thin/transparent object samples by transmitted light. Light must travel through this thin transparent specimen in order to be examined?

Compound microscope or optical microscope

T or F, you are allowed to use any kind of cleaning paper(kleenex, paper towel, napkins, and lens paper) when cleaning the microscope lenses

False

T or F, when you start using the compound microscope and when you finish using it, the objective lens must be on high power (40x)

False

Do not use ____ on high power.

Coarse focus knob

The compound microscope has two lens systems. What is the magnification of the ocular lens?

10x

The calculation of the total magnification of an object focused under the microscope is by:

multiplying the magnification of the ocular lens by the magnification of the object lens

T or F. All broken glass and used cover slips should be placed in the trash

False

During the letter “e” activity it was observed that the orientation of the e under the microscope was:

upside down as its orientation seeing it on the top of the stage

During the letter “e” activity it was observed that when you moved the slide with the letter “e” to the right…

the letter “e” moved to the opposite slide when viewed it under the microscope “field of view”

They are found in the cytoplasms of most plant cells and some animal cells. They are membrane bound compartments that serve a variety of secretory, excretory and storage functions. It can store water and dissolve substances. What is it?

Vacuoles

You have observed in our lab class amoeba and paramecium. These two protozoa organisms were able to move. Which of them were able to move faster?

Paramecium

What is one of the three locomotions made of unicellular organisms? It is also called the “false feet” and they are a special way for some protozoa to change their form and be able to move. The false foot extends from the organism and allows the organism to flow into that extension. By doing this movement, the organism is able to change its pace. It can be used to capture prey through phagocytosis

Psuedopod

They are cellular projections. They are not found in all cells. They are both used for movement. They are similar to one another except for their length (1) is much shorter than (2). (1) propels the other substance across a cell's surface, whereas (2) propels the cell itself. Sperm is the only cell in the human body that has a (2).

(1) Cilia, (2) flagella

Trichonympha lives in the gut of termites. They live together and both organisms benefit from this relationship. What is the name of this ecological relationship? Mutualism

Mutualism

What is this organism called?

Euglena

Which of the following options is NOT correct about the Brownian Movement? It is the driving force for all forms of passive transport Its is the random movement of particles due to kinetic energy The higher the temperature, the greater the kinetic energy, the faster the rate of brownian movement The higher the temperature, the lower the kinetic energy, and slower is the rate of kinetic energy

The higher the temperature, the lower the kinetic energy, and slower is the rate of kinetic energy

In the morning, when you drink coffee, which of the following options is correct?

Grounded coffee is the solute and water is the solvent

Most substances cross the cell membrane and move into the cell by a process that does not require the use of ATP. It moves down their concentration gradient. It is called

passive transport

The rate of diffusion is dependent on:

molecular weight, particle concentration and temperature

Which of the following solutions has the greatest water concentration? 10% NaCl 90% NaCl 50% NaCl

10% NaCl

According to our lab, we observed that some molecules were not able to pass through the plasma membrane. Which of the following options did not travel freely through the cellular membrane? Small molecules(glucose) Small molecules(H2O) Large molecules(starch and protein) Small molecules (salt)

Large molecules(starch and protein)

In the dialysis tubing experiment, what does the dialysis tubing represent?

Cell membrane

During the dialysis experiment in the lab, we observed that the solution containing salt, starch, glucose and protein inside the dialysis tube became slightly blue after 1 hour had passed since the beginning of the experiment. Which of the following options is correct about this observation?

Iodine and water from outside the dialysis tube moved inside the dialysis tube reacting with the starch molecules inside

In the lab we did several tests to determine which substance diffused through the dialysis tube. The grid below was used to identify if the substance tested was present(positive) or not (negative) based on the specific test used. Which of the following options is correct?

When salt reacts with silver nitrate (AgNO3) the substance tested becomes positive for a cloudy/milky look

In the lab we placed 5 cm potato sections in 3 diff solutions. In which solution did the turgor pressure of the potato cell increase? The water from the test tube moved inside of the potato cells making the potato section turgid, harder and longer?

hypotonic solution(0% salt)

Is the shrinkage of the cell membrane due to water loss

Plasmolysis

During the osmosis experiment in the lab, which osmometer was further from a state of dynamic equilibrium? Therefore the rate of osmosis was greater

80% molasses(sugar)

(T or F) During the osmosis experiment in lab, the rate of osmosis slowed down in both osmometers(20% and 8-% osmometer tubes) because they were getting closer to a state of dynamic equilibrium

True

Based on the surface to volume ratio activity, which of the following options is correct?

The smaller the cube/cell/object has a larger surface area exposed to the environment in proportion to their volume

Based on surface area exposed in proportion to volume and its effect on heat loss experienced by endothermic animals, within the same species, which animal would you expect to live in a warmer/hotter place?

Smaller animals

Chemical reactions are constantly going on inside living organisms. Food is being broken down into smaller molecules, new proteins are being built, and cells are dying and need to be replaced. The total of all these reactions is called

Metabolism

What is the formula of cellular respiration?

Glucose (C6H12O6) + 6 Oxygen (O2) -> 6 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) + 6 Water (H2O) + 38 ATP

Which animal has their body temperature fluctuating following the variation in the environment temperature? Examples of these animals include amphibians (like frogs), fish and reptiles (like lizards)

Ectothermic animals

Which animal consumes O2 faster in a cold temperature? Therefore, the faster the animal consumes O2, the faster is their metabolic rate. Examples of these animals include mammals (like dogs) and aves (birds).

Endothermic Animals

You are in charge of feeding a 500g chuckwalla (an herbivorous lizard) and a 500g mouse (an herbivorous mammal). Which animal would you have to feed more? Why?

Mouse. Because mice are endotherms animals and they have higher metabolism rate

The body temperature of an animal can be summarized by the following equation:

Body temperature= Heat produced (by metabolism) + heat grained (from environment) - Heat loss (to environment )

Yeast fermentation uses carbohydrates as their source of energy. However, they release gas as a result of their chemical reactions. Looking at this picture on the side, which carbohydrate caused the balloon to inflate the most?

Simple Carbohydrate (glucose)

In the same yeast alcoholic fermentation experiment shown on the picture above, which gas was responsible for the balloon inflate?

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Regardless of whether an animal is an ectothermic or an endothermic, there are different modes of heat loss or heat gain used by animals. Which mode of heat gain or loss is used by snakes when they are laying on a warm rock to heat up their body.

Conduction

It is a daily state of decreasing physiological activity in an animal, usually characterized by reduced body temperature and rate of metabolism. This daily mechanism helps animals to conserve energy during the active part of their day.

Torpor

Most deserts are hot, dry, energy poor environments. Would you expect to find more ectotherms or endotherms?

Ectothermic animals

Which animal (A or B) in the graph aside shows a metabolic rate of an endotherm?

Animal A (arrow increasing)

During cellular respiration, which molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

O2 Oxygen

How did we determine the metabolic rate in our experiments with the mouse and fish?

Based on the amount of O2 consumed

During intense aerobic exercise, when O2 (oxygen) demand in skeletal muscles exceeds supply. What do they do instead? Our body utilizes what type of metabolism to adapt for this temporary lack of enough O2 (oxygen ) to bridge this gap?

Anaerobic metabolism (lactic fermentation) to produce ATP, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid as a byproduct