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MCAT ExamKrackers > Bio 1: Molecules > Flashcards

Bio 1: Molecules Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

Lipid type serves as a structural component of membranes:

A

Phospholipids

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2
Q

Lipid type stores metabolic energy and provides thermal insulation and padding:

A

Triacylglycerols

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3
Q

Lipid type regulates metabolic activities:

A

Steroids

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4
Q

Lipid type (some) serves as local hormones:

A

Fatty acids (eicosanoids)

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5
Q

Two organs that continue to absorb glucose in absence of insulin:

A
  1. Brain

2. Liver

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6
Q

Three parts of DNA:

A
  1. Phosphate group
  2. Five-carbon sugar
  3. Nitrogenous base
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7
Q

2 purines in DNA:

A
  1. Adenine

2. Guanine

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8
Q

2 pyrimidines in DNA:

A
  1. Cytosine

2. Thymine

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9
Q

2 pyrimidines in RNA:

A
  1. Cytosine

2. Uracil

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10
Q

Bonds involved in adenine-thymine DNA pairing:

A

2

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11
Q

3 things that can cause protein to lose higher-level conformation:

A
  1. Heat
  2. Salt
  3. pH change
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12
Q

Beta-pleated sheets and Alpha-helix represent this type of protein conformation order/structure:

A

Secondary structure

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13
Q

Bond type that creates secondary structure:

A

Hydrogen bond

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14
Q

5 types of bonds/forces that contribute to protein tertiary and quaternary structure:

A
  1. Disulfide
  2. Electrostatic (ionic)
  3. Hydrogen
  4. Van der Waals
  5. Hydrophobic
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15
Q

Amino acid creates disulfide bonds in protein:

A

Cystine

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16
Q

Electrostatic (ionic) interactions in protein occur between:

A

Acidic and basic side chains

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17
Q

Amino acid creates kink in protein structure and prevents hydrogen bonding:

A

Proline

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18
Q

Competitive inhibitor binding site:

A

Enzyme (active site)

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19
Q

Competitive inhibitor inhibits binding of substrate?

A

Yes

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20
Q

Competitive inhibitor effect on Km:

A

Increase

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21
Q

Competitive inhibitor effect on Vmax:

A

No change

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22
Q

Uncompetitive inhibitor binding site:

A

E-S complex

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23
Q

Uncompetitive inhibitor inhibits binding of substrate?

A

No

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24
Q

Uncompetitive inhibitor effect on Km:

A

Decrease

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25
Uncompetitive inhibitor effect on Vmax:
Decrease
26
Mixed inhibitor binding site:
E-S complex or enzyme
27
Mixed inhibitor inhibits binding of substrate?
No
28
Mixed inhibitor effect on Km:
Increase or Decrease
29
Mixed inhibitor effect on Vmax:
Decrease
30
Noncompetitive inhibitor binding site:
E-S complex or enzyme
31
Noncompetitive inhibitor inhibits binding of substrate?
No
32
Noncompetitive inhibitor effect on Km:
No change
33
Noncompetitive inhibitor effect on Vmax:
Decrease
34
Start codon:
AUG
35
3 stop codons:
1. UAA 2. UAG 3. UGA
36
This unzips double helix in replication:
Helicase
37
This builds a primer in replication:
RNA polymerase
38
This assembles the leading and lagging strands in replication:
DNA polymerase
39
This removes the primers in replication:
RNAse H
40
This joins the Okazaki fragments together in replication:
DNA ligase
41
4 stages of mitosis:
1. Prophase 2. Metaphase 3. Anaphase 4. Telophase
42
Male progenitor cell present at birth:
Spermatogonium
43
Name of male cell after mitosis:
Primary spermatocyte
44
Name of male cell after meiosis I:
Secondary spermatocyte
45
Name of male cell after meiosis II:
Spermatid
46
Name of male cell after maturation process:
Sperm (or spermatozoa)
47
Female progenitor cell present at birth:
Oogonium
48
Name of female cell after mitosis:
Primary oocyte
49
Name of female cell after meiosis I:
Secondary oocyte
50
Name of female cell after meiosis II:
Ootid
51
Name of female cell after maturation process:
Ovum
52
Female cell arrested in this stage until fertilization:
Metaphase II
53
Primary oocytes remain arrested in this stage until female puberty:
Prophase I
54
Ploidy at start of replication:
Diploid
55
Ploidy at end of replication:
Diploid
56
Ploidy at start of mitosis:
Diploid
57
Ploidy at end of mitosis:
Diploid
58
Ploidy at start of meiosis I:
Diploid
59
Ploidy at end of meiosis I:
Haploid
60
Ploidy at start of meiosis II:
Haploid
61
Ploidy at end of meiosis II:
Haploid
62
chromosomes at start of replication:
46 chromosomes
63
chromosomes at end of replication:
46 chromosomes
64
chromosomes at start of mitosis:
46 chromosomes
65
chromosomes at end of mitosis:
46 chromosomes
66
chromosomes at start of meiosis I:
46 chromosomes
67
chromosomes at end of meiosis I:
23 chromosomes
68
chromosomes at start of meiosis II:
23 chromosomes
69
chromosomes at end of meiosis II:
23 chromosomes
70
chromatids at end of replication:
92 chromatids
71
chromatids at start of mitosis
92 chromatids
72
chromatids at start of meiosis I:
92 chromatids
73
chromatids at end of meiosis I:
46 chromatids
74
chromatids at start of meiosis II:
46 chromatids
75
Net output from glycolysis:
2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH
76
Process converts glucose-6-phosphate to glycogen:
Glycogenesis
77
Process converts glycogen to glucose-6-phosphate:
Glycogenolysis
78
Process converts 2 pyruvate to glucose-6-phosphate then to glucose:
Gluconeogenesis
79
Process converts glucose to glucose-6-phosphate then to 2 pyruvate:
Glycolysis
80
Fatty acid synthesis uses this to create fatty acids:
Acetyl-CoA
81
Process that converts fatty acids to acetyl-coa:
Beta-oxidation
82
Enzyme converts pyruvate to acetyl-coa:
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
83
This molecule enters the citric acid cycle:
Acetyl-CoA
84
ATP produced by aerobic respiration:
36 ATP
85
ATP produced in krebs cycle per glucose:
2 ATP
86
NADH produced in krebs cycle per glucose:
6 NADH
87
FADH2 produced in krebs cycle per glucose:
2 FADH2
88
ATP produced from 1 FADH2:
2 ATP
89
ATP produced from 1 NADH:
3 ATP

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