bio 102 test 2 part 2 Flashcards
(19 cards)
the aggregate of all copies of every type of allele at all loci in every individual in a population, term also used in a more restricted sense as the aggregate of alleles for just one or a few loci in a population
gene pool
a process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits
natural selection
definition of a species in terms of ecological niche, the sum of how members of the species interact with the nonliving and living parts of their environment
ecological species concept
definition of a species as a group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring but do not produce viable, fertile offspring with members of other such groups
biological species concept
definition of a species in terms of measurable anatomical criteria
morphological species concept
a geographic region in which members of different species meet and mate, producing at least some offspring of mixed ancestry
hybrid zone
lists all the species of living organisms that have been found as fossils as well as their location and relative age
fossil record
the evolutionary history of a species or group of related species
phylogeny
a taxonomic category above the kingdom level (archaea, bacteria, eukarya);
domain
a population or group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring, but do not produce viable, fertile offspring with members of other such groups
species
offspring that result from the mating of individuals from two different species or from two true-breeding varieties of the same species
hybrids
an individual that has more than two chromosome sets that are all derived from a single species
autopolyploid
50% marine species extinct, many families of terrestrial plants/animals, and all dinosaurs except birds became extinct
K-T extinction
divides the Paleozoic from the Mesozoic era, 96% marine species extinct
Permian extinction
drove the diversification of algae, plants, fungi, and animals
multicellularity
provide positional information in animal embryos; if the location of this gene expression changes, the position of the corresponding body part changes
hox gene
a taxonomic unit at any level of hierarchy
taxon
system of naming organisms where each species is given a unique two-part scientific name, consisting of a genus and species
binomial nomenclature
includes a branch to represent the last common ancestor of all taxa in the tree
rooted tree
