BIO 104 Flashcards
(220 cards)
1
Q
Rhineodon typicus
A
Whale Shark; Largest fish
2
Q
Carcharodon cacharias
A
Great White Shark; Largest predator
3
Q
Rays & Skates
A
Flat-bodied chondrichthyes
4
Q
Sawfish
A
Saw-like rostrum for wounding fish prey
5
Q
Paddlefish
A
North America’s only true freshwater cartilaginous fish.
6
Q
Manta Ray
A
Plankton feeder
7
Q
Osteichthyes
A
Bony Fish
8
Q
First Human-like Skeleton
A
Osteichthyes
9
Q
Homocercal Tail
A
Both lobes have same shape
10
Q
Osteichthyes Features
A
Fins supported by bony-fin rays
Skeleton calcified bone
Homocercal tail
Dermal scales
Mucus producing glandular skin
11
Q
Subclasses of Osteichthyes
A
Lobe-fin Fishes
Ray-fin Fishes
12
Q
Lobe-fin Fish Features
A
Thick, fleshy fin bases
Swim bladder used as a lung
13
Q
Lungfish
A
Lobe-fin Fish
14
Q
Ray-fin Fish Features
A
Modern bony fish/most numerous
15
Q
Diadromy
A
Movement between marine and freshwater
16
Q
Anadromy
A
A fish is born in freshwater, matures in the ocean, and returns to freshwater to reproduce.
17
Q
Catadromy
A
A fish is born in the ocean, matures in freshwater, and returns to the ocean to reproduce.
18
Q
Cryptic Patterns
A
A scale pattern in fish that matches their background.
19
Q
Counter Shading
A
A type of fish camouflage where the coloration is darker on the top side than the bottom side.
20
Q
Chordata
A
Sea Squirts & Lancets
Fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals
21
Q
Chordata Characteristics
A
Dorsal Hollow Nerve Chord
Notochord
Pharyngeal gill slits
22
Q
Dorsal Hollow Nerve Chord
A
Becomes the central nervous system
23
Q
Notochord
A
Becomes the vertebral column
24
Q
Acraniates
A
Lacking a brain
25
Urochordata
Sea Squirts
26
Monotremes
Egg-laying mammals
27
Newts
Rough-skinned Salamanders
28
Artiodactyla
Even-toed animals; Cows, sheep, hogs
29
What animal has an almost 4-chambered heart?
Crocodilians
30
3 Mammal Groups
Monotremes
Metatheria
Placental mammals
31
Urochordata Features
Adults sessile benthic
Filter feeders
Tunic
Larval forms are free-swimming
32
Tunic
Protective mucous coat in uchordata
33
Chordata Subphyla
Urochordata
Cephalochordata
Vertebrata
34
Cephalochordata
Lancelets
35
Cephalochordata Features
Free-swimming
Edible
36
Features of Anura
Head fused to trunk
Tails only in larvae
2 pairs of limbs
Hind legs for jumping/swimming
Males with vocal abilities
Vocal sac under throat
Species specific calls
37
Pterosaurs
Extinct flying reptiles
38
Komodo Dragon
Largest lizard in the world
39
American Alligator
Most common Crocodilia
40
Amphibia
Frogs, toads, salamanders
41
Vertebrata
Vertebrates
42
Craniates
Have a distinct head and brain
43
Features of Vertebrata
Craniates
Vertebral column replaces Notochord
Distinct head, skull, and brain
Vertebral column surrounds nerve chord
44
Classes of Vertebrata
Agnatha
Acanthodii (extinct)
Placodermi (extinct)
Chondrichthyes
Osteichthyes
Amphibia
Reptilia
Aves
Mammalia
45
Sphenisciformes
Penguins
46
Cottonmouth Water Moccasin
Most aggressive Southeastern pit viper
47
First internal fertilization
Reptilia/Chondrichthyes
48
Squamata
Lizards & snakes
49
Amniotic Egg Features
Protects embryo from dessication
Enables development away from water
50
Which 4 times did flight develop independently?
Insects
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals (bats)
51
Arthro-
Relating to joints
52
Arthropoda Features
Joints
Exoskeleton
Protostomes
Eucoelomates
Metamerism
Colonize most known habitats
Complex life cycle
53
First occurrence of joints
Arthropoda
54
Exoskeleton
External skeleton
55
Ecdysis
The process of an arhtropod shedding its exoskeleton.
56
Pit Vipers
Make up the majority of U.S. venomous snakes
57
What feet do Anseriformes have?
Webbed feet for swimming
58
First occurrence of lungs
Amphibia
59
Gray Rat Snake
Nonvenomous tree climbing bird nest predator
60
Red Breast Muscle Tissue
For long distance, fast flying
61
Sclerotization
The biological process that causes tissue to become hard and stiff in Arthropods
62
3 Major Regions of the Arthropod
Head, thorax, abdomen
63
Thorax
Contains all legs and wings in Arthropods
64
Abdomen
Contains either swimming muscles or reproductive organs in Arthropods
65
Adult Arthropod
Has sexual reproductive ability
66
Copperhead
Most common and least aggressive southeastern pit viper
67
Four bird wing types
High altitude soaring
High speed and maneuverability
Short bursts of speed/short distance/highly maneuverable
Fast speed/soaring
68
Psittaciformes
Parrots, macaws, parakeets, cockatoos, toucans
69
Two Circuit System
Blood flows from heart to lungs and back to heart before travelling throughout body
70
Sirenia
Manatees
71
Larvae
Immature form that does not resemble an adult
72
Nymph
Immature form that resembles the adult
73
Pupae
Metamorphic transformation step between larvae and adult
74
Onycophora
An arthropod ancestor that is similar to both arthropods and segmented worms
75
Peripatus
Velvet worm
76
Jacobson Organ
Organ at base of snake nasal cavity for taste/smell
77
Features of Agnatha
Only jawless vertebrates
Cyclostome
Only vertebrates without paired fins
78
Atlantic Sea Lamprey
Agnatha
79
Lateral Line System
Used to detect vibrations in water
80
Functions of feathers
Protection
Insulation
Flight
81
Trilobitamorpha
Trilobites
82
Features of Trilobites
Extinct marine scavengers
Oldest known arthropod
83
Chelicerata
Spiders, ticks, scorpions, mites
84
Chelicera
Piercing sucking mouthparts of Chelicerata
85
Chelicerata Features
Chelicera
8 to 10 legs
86
First 4-chambered heart
Birds
87
Types of birds of prey
Hunting birds
Eagles
Hawks
Falcons
Vultures
88
Feather Shaft
Long central part of a feather
89
Furcula
Wish bone
90
Caudata
Salamanders
91
Major Classes of Chelicerata
Merostomata
Pycnogonida
Arachnida
92
Merostomata
Horseshoe Crab
93
Pycnogonida
Sea Spider
94
Merostomata Features
Marine Scavengers
95
Pycnogonida Features
Marine Scavengers
96
Lactation
Milk Production
97
Features of Strigiformes
Night hunters
Eyes at front
Silent feathers in flight
98
Slimy Salamander
Black with gray specks
Common backyard salamander in the southeast
99
First occurrence of a secondary palate
Reptilia
100
Gravel
Used by Aves to grind food
101
Arachnida Features
Largest and most common class of Chelicerates
Venomous/disease vectors
102
Disease Vector
A carrier of disease
103
Scorpiones
Scorpions
104
Opiliones
Daddy Longlegs/Harvestmen
105
Acarina
Ticks and mites
106
Types of Songbirds
Mockingbird
Wren
Jays
Robins
Sparrows
107
Flight Muscles
Breast muscles
108
Edentata
Armadillos
109
Tortoise
Avoid water
110
Red Salamander
Orange with black specks
Common southeast salamander
111
Examples of Mites
Mange mites, dust mites, red bugs
112
Arachnea
Spiders
113
4 Orders of Arachnida
Scorpiones
Opiliones
Acarina
Aranea
114
Aranea Features
8 legs
Able to produce a web made of protein
115
Latrodectus mactans
Black widow spider
116
Black Widow Spider
One of two venomous North American spiders
Venom is a neurotoxin
Deadly if bitten on the face, neck, or chest
117
Feather Barb
An individual branch of keratnin extanding from the shaft
118
Features of Sphenisciformes
Wings form flippers
Covered with down
119
Features of Placodermi
Heavy bony plates
Outcompeted by lightweight predators
120
Ampullae of Lorenzini
Used by fish to detect electrical fields of potential prey
121
Loxosceles reclusa
Brown Recluse
122
Brown Recluse
Venomous spider of North America
Venom is hemotoxic
Venom has a necrotic effect causing tissue to degrade
123
Mandibulata
Largest Arthropod subphylum
124
Major Arthropoda Subphylums
Trilobitamorpha
Chelicerata
Mandibulata
125
Mandibles
Biting, grinding, chewing mouthparts in Mandibulata
126
First land-dwelling Vertebrate
Amphibia
127
Scarlet King Snake
Nonvenomous batesian mimic
128
Quill Feathers
Cover head, neck, back
129
Major characteristics of amphibia
Glandular skin
Lung or gill respiration
3 chambered heart
Return to water to reproduce
Major part of aquatic food chains
130
Feather Barbules
Branches of a barb
131
Diplopoda
Millipedes
132
Diplopoda Features
1,000 legged worm
4 legs per body segment
133
Scolopendra
Highly venomous centipede in the tropics
134
Crustacea
Crab, shrimp, lobster
135
Crustacea Features
Aquatic
10 legs
Chelipeds
2 antennae
Modified body shapes for swimming
Respiration via gills
136
Chilopoda
Centipedes
137
Chilopoda Features
100 legs
2 legs per body segment
Venomous mandibles
138
First occurrence of jaws
Acanthodii
139
Only flying mammals
Chiroptera
140
Ciconiformes
Wading birds with long legs
141
Chelipeds
Large pincers or claws
142
Cirripedia
Barnacles
143
Cirripedia Features
Only sessile filter feeding arthropods
144
Malacostraca
Crabs, Crayfish, Lobsters, Shrimp
145
Crustacea Subclasses
Cirripedia
Malacostraca
146
Features of Pit Vipers
Broad Head
Elliptical Pupils
Single Tail Scales
Pits for sensing body heat
Short, Stout Body
147
Anura
Frogs and Toads
148
Arrector Papilla
Muscles that cause chill bumps; used to change insulating angle of hair
149
Pneumatic bones
Hollow
150
American Crocodile
Found only in extreme southeast Florida
151
Insecta
Insects
152
Major Classes of Mandibulata
Diplopoda
Chilopoda
Crustacea
Insecta
153
Insecta Features
Largest Arthropoda Class
3 pairs of legs
1 pair of antennae
2 pairs of wings
Most speciose living group
154
First occurrence of flight
Insecta
155
Boll Weevil
Once the most expensive agricultural pest; destroys cotton
156
Pine Bark Beetle
Kills living trees, the most expensive agricultural pest today
157
Termite
Destroys finished wood products
158
Clothes Moth
Eat holes in woolen clothing, coats, and hats; Sometimes infect cotton
159
What arthropoda transmits the plague?
Fleas
160
What diseases are transmitted by mosquitoes?
Malaria
West Nile Virus
Zika Virua
Encephalitis
161
Pinnipedia
Seals, sea lions, walruses
162
First amniotic egg
Reptilia
163
Metatheria
Marsupials
164
Cetacea
Whales and Dolphins
165
Amphiumas
Large, eel-like aquatic species of salamander with vestigial limbs
166
Strongest Organism
Rhinoceros Beetle
167
Fusiform Body Shape
Football shape
168
First heart with multiple chambers
Chondrichthyes
169
Mammary glands
Milk producing glands
170
Struthioniformes
Flightless birds
171
Keel
Breast bone, large for muscle attachment
172
Reptilian Advancements over Amphibians
Amniotic Egg
Specialized copulatory organs
Leathery/dry skin
No larval development stage
Body temperature regulation
Secondary Palate
Bipedal
Parental care
173
First Bipedal Occurrence
Reptilia
174
Preening
Adding oil to feathers to keep them waterproof
175
Types of Bird Feet
Webbed for Swimming
Swebbed toes for wading
Talons for grasping/piercing
Scratching
Perching
Opposing toes for clinging
176
Malacology
Study of mollusks
177
Mollusca Features
Aquatic habitat
Calcium Carbonate Shell
Radula
178
4 Mollusca Body Regions
Head
Visceral Mass
Foot
Mantle
179
Visceral Mass
For digestion and reproduction in Mollusca
180
Mantle
To form the valve in Mollusca
181
Chiroptera
Bats
182
Most advanced extant reptiles
Crocodilia
183
Baleanoptera musculus
Blue Whale
184
Acanthodii
Spiny Fish
185
Examples of Cartilaginous Fish
Sharks
Skates
Rays
186
Gastropoda
Snails and Slugs
187
Gastropoda Features
Stomach Foot
Largest Mollusca class
Helical Valve
Operculum
Torsion
Herbivores
188
Helical Valve
Spirally coiled shell
189
Operculum
Opening to the shell of a Gastropoda
190
Gastropoda Examples
Whelps, tulips, olives, augers
191
Timber Rattlesnake
Most common southeastern rattlesnake
192
Rodentia
Rodents
193
Bufo
Toads
194
Endothermic
Warm-blooded
195
Batesian Mimic
Looks venomous, but is not
196
Queen Conch
World's largest snail
197
Oyster Drill
Predatory snail on oysters
198
Pulmonates
Land breathing snails
199
Cephalopoda
Squids and Octopi
200
Cephalopoda Features
Head foot
Mantle is a body tube housing organs
Siphon used for jet propulsion for swimming
Ink Sac for repelling predators
Radula shaped like a beak
Valve is an internal valve pen
201
Aves
Birds
202
First walking legs occurrence
Amphibia
203
Copulatory Organs
Penis/Vagina
204
Types of flightless birds
Ostriches, emus, kiwis, rheas
205
First vertebrate in fossil record
Fish
206
Loligo
Bay Squid, commonly eaten
207
Giant Squid
Occur in the deep Pacific Ocean, approach 60 feet long
208
Australian Blue-Ringed Octopus
Highly Venomous Octopus
209
Chambered Nautilus
Only cephalopod with an external valve
210
Pelecypoda
Oysters, Clams, Scallops, and Mussels
211
Chelonia
Turtle
212
First 2 circuit system
Amphibia
213
Largest animal
Blue Whale
214
Common King Snake
Nonvenomous, eats other snakes
215
Archaeopteryx
First bird fossil
216
Pelecypoda Features
Wedge/Hatchet foot for burrowing
Two equal valves
Ecological role as filter feeders
Radula as labial palps
217
Oldest living animal
Quahog Clam
218
Primates
Humans, monkeys, lemurs
219
White Breast Muscle Tissue
Poor, weak flyers
220
Eastern Coral Snake
Most venomous snake in the U.S.
