Bio 104 Chap 2

Question 1

All sodium atoms have 11 protons. The nuclei of some sodium atoms contain 12 neutrons and others contain 11. These different forms of sodium are called ______

Answer 1

Isotopes

Question 2

The term for a solution with a low pH number, such as lemon juice or vinegar, is ______

Answer 2

Acidic

Question 3

The term for a solution that has an equal concentration of H* and OH- is _____

Answer 3

Neutral

Question 4

The term for a solution with a high pH number such as ammonia or bleach, is _______

Answer 4

Basic

Question 5

An acid is a compound that donates ____ to a solution

Answer 5

H+

Question 6

The higher the pH number, the higher the concentration of _____ in a solution

Answer 6

OH-

Question 7

A substance that accepts H* when they are in excess and donates H* when their concentration drops is called a(n) ______

Answer 7

Buffer

Question 8

What makes one protein capable of a different function than other proteins?

Answer 8

The amino acid sequence of a protein determines its function

Question 9

What is responsible for the unusual chemical properties of water?

Answer 9

Water molecules can form an extensive network of hydrogen bonds with one another.

Question 10

The four classes of large organic molecules that are essential to life include _______

Answer 10

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 11

Food processors are phasing out the use of which types of fats because research has shown them to be particularly unhealthy?

Answer 11

Saturated fats and trans fats

Question 12

Starch and glycogen are complex carbohydrates made by joining together long chains of ______
molecules

Answer 12

Glucose

Question 13

A (n) ____ bond forms when one atom gives up one or more electrons to another atom

Answer 13

Ionic

Question 14

Atoms or molecules with a net electric charge, due to the loss or a gain of one or more electrons are _____

Answer 14

Ions

Question 15

A (n) ______ bond involves the sharing of electrons pairs between atoms, also known as a molecular bond

Answer 15

Covalent

Question 16

When one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms, a ____ bond is formed

Answer 16

Single

Question 17

When two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms, a _____ bond is formed

Answer 17

Double

Question 18

A _____ bond is a type of chemical bond where a pair of electrons is unequally shared between two
atoms. As a result, one end of the molecule has a slightly negative charge and the other a slightly positive charge

Answer 18

Polar

Question 19

Atoms involved in a _____ bond equally share electrons; there is no charge separation to the
molecule.

Answer 19

Nonpolar

Question 20

A weak bond called a _____ bond results from an attraction between slightly positive region in a molecule and a slightly negative region in the same or a different molecule

Answer 20

Hydrogen

Question 21

A(n) ______ is a molecule that can bind to an enzyme and prevent the enzyme from working.
There are two types: a(n) _______ binds to the active site of the enzyme; a(n)
_______ binds elsewhere on the enzyme.

Answer 21

inhibitor

competitive inhibitor

noncompetitive inhibitor

Question 22

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the ________ , which allows the reaction to proceed much more quickly.

Answer 22

activation energy

Question 23

The specific location within an enzyme molecule where the substrate binds is called the _______

Answer 23

active site

Question 24

During an enzymatic reaction, a molecule of ______ binds to the enzyme and is broken down
into one or more molecules of ______, which are released.

Answer 24

substrate

product

Question 25

Lactose takes years to break down on its own. But if exposed to the protein lactase, the reaction proceeds very quickly, while lactase itself remains unchanged. Lactase is an example of a(n) ______

Answer 25

enzyme

Question 26

_______ is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table

Answer 26

Atomic number

Question 27

The number of protons plus neutrons in an atom, represented as an average of all naturally occurring forms of the element, is known as ______

Answer 27

Atomic weight

Question 28

________ also called micronutrients, are any chemical element required by living organisms in miniscule amounts, but cells require them to survive

Answer 28

Trace element

Question 29

_______ is one of the four elements that make up 96.3% of living cells

Answer 29

Nitrogen

Question 30

_______ is one of the seven elements that make up a small fraction, approximately 3.7%, of living cells

Answer 30

Calcium

Question 31

______ is one of the fourteen trace elements and is a component of certain digestive enzymes and other proteins.

Answer 31

Zinc

Question 32

H SO, sulfuric acid, contains three different types of atoms: hydrogen (H), sulfur (S), and oxygen (O). Each of these atoms represents a different compound Since the three types are combined in a fixed ratio, this means that H/SO is a(n) product

Question 33

H2SO4, sulfuric acid, contains three different types of atoms: hydrogen (H), sulfur (S), and oxygen (O). Each of these atoms represents a different ________. Since the three types are combined in a fixed ratio, this means that H2SO4 is a(n) ________

Answer 33

Element Compound

Question 34

The smallest unit of matter that retain all of the physical properties of that type of matter is a(n) ______

Answer 34

Atom

Question 35

______ is anything that occupies space and/or has any substance.

Answer 35

Matter

Question 36

The scientific study of matter is called ____

Answer 36

Chemistry

Question 37

Within a plant, water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) can be combined (using the energy of sunlight) to produce glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2). If you were to write out this chemical reaction, water and carbon dioxide are each an example of a(n) ______ while glucose and oxygen are each an example of a(n) ______

Answer 37

Reactant Product

Question 38

If two or more atoms are bonded together, they form a(n) _____

Answer 38

Molecule