Bio 11 flahscards - other stuff yay Flashcards
Dont off yourself before the test (151 cards)
1
Q
What is an Annelid
A
Worms with segmented bodies
2
Q
What does the name “Annelid” mean?
A
Little ring
3
Q
Annelida is the first Phylum with what in its body?
A
A coelom
4
Q
What do protostomes develop first in their development?
A
A mouth
5
Q
What are considered to be protostomes?
A
-Arthropods
-Mollusca
-Annelida
6
Q
Annelids are less advanced ___
A
- Deuterostomes
7
Q
What are Annelids body plan?
A
Triploblastic, coelomate, and a tube withing a tube structured digestive track with coordinated digestion and specialization of the food tube
8
Q
Annelids have ___ separated by ___which may be modified to preform special function’s
A
- Segmented bodies
- Septa
9
Q
What may line the sides of Annelid worms?
A
Setae or bristles
10
Q
A
11
Q
Two ways that Annelids feed
A
- Filter feeding
- Predatorial feeding
12
Q
How do decomposers consume food
A
They use a sticky mucus covered pharynx to feed on decaying vegetation while others filter out food particles in a mucous bag
13
Q
What is a Nereis?
A
A carnivorous worm, like the sandworm that have sharp jaws
14
Q
Annelids are also the first Phylum to have ___ system
A
A circulatory system
15
Q
What does having a working circulatory system do for Annelids
A
It frees them from the diffusion of materials
16
Q
Annelids also have ___ or a set of ___ that pump blood through the dorsal and ventral blood vessels that run the length of the body
A
- Hearts
- Aortic arches
17
Q
How do aquatic annelids breathe
A
Often through gills which exchange gasses underwater
18
Q
Why must terrestrial annelids stay moist
A
Because they still rely on diffusion through their skin for gas exchange
19
Q
What is a nephridia?
A
A specialized excretory unit
20
Q
What do annelids use to get rid of metabolic wastes and excess water
A
A kidney
21
Q
Their nervous system has a single ___ with an ___
A
-Ventral cord
- Anterior brain
22
Q
What are some of the annelids adaptations for detecting stimuli?
A
- Sensory tentacles
- Chemical receptors
- Statocysts (for balance)
- Ocelli (for detecting light)
23
Q
How do annelids move?
A
By using their hydrostatic skeleton
24
Q
Marine annelids have paddle-like appendages called ___?
A
Parapodia (foot-like)
25
How do annelids reproduce?
Sexual reproduction with external fertilization
26
What is a clitellum?
A secretes mucous ring where fertilization takes place in a protective cocoon
27
What are the three major classes of annelids?
- Class Oligochaeta
- Class Polychaeta
- Class Hirudinea
28
One example of class Oligochaeta
Earthworm
29
One example of class Polychaeta
Sandworm
30
One example of class Hirudinea
Leech
31
What do the organisms in class Oligochaeta use to move around
Setae (bristles)
32
In Oligochaeta, the ___ is reduced as are the ___
- Head
- Obvious sense organs
33
Oligochaeta are well adapted to their surroundings, but must stay in ___ environments
- Moist
34
Polychaeta contain ___ that are modified ___
- Parapodia
- Setae
35
What are parapodia used for?
Paddles, to move about, they are also used as crude gills
36
What can Hirudinea be used for?
Medical purposes
37
What percent of animals do Arthropod make up
75% (most dominant animal on earth)
38
What does Arthropod mean?
"Jointed foot"
39
Arthropods have segmented bodies with a ___
- High degree of specialization
40
Arthropods have a tough ___ and jointed ___
- Exoskeleton
- Appendages
41
Are Arthropods Protostomes
Yes
42
What does it mean when something is a protostome?
It means that it develops it's mouth first in early development
43
What is a Arthropods body plan?
- Triploblastic
- Coelomates
- Tube within a tube
44
What are some parts of Arthropods that help them eat?
- Jaws
- Pincers
- Drill-like structures
45
How do Arthropods feed?
Filter feeding and parasitic feeders
46
What do aquatic Arthropods use to breathe?
Feather-like gills
47
What do terrestrial Arthropods use to breathe?
Branching tracheal tubes that extend throughout their bodies and allows air to enter through spiracles
48
What are spiracles?
Openings on the side of the body where air enters the tracheal tubes
49
Terrestrial arthropods also use ___ for respiration
- Book lungs
50
What are book lungs?
Organs that have layers of respiratory tissue stacked like ages of a book
51
What kind of circulatory system do Arthropods have?
Open circulatory system and a heart
52
How do Arthropods circulatory systems work?
- Blood leaves blood vessels into sinuses or cavities
- Collects into large sinus surrounding heart
- Gets pumped through the body
53
How do Terrestrial Arthropods excrete wastes?
They use Malpighian tubes
54
What are Malpighian tubes (sacs)
Sacs that extract waste from the blood and put it with other digestive wastes
55
How do aquatic Arthropods excrete wastes
By either diffusion or by using kidney like organs called "green glands"
56
How do Arthropods move
Muscles contract or relax when stimulated by nervous system and different muscles pull exoskeleton to move appendages
57
How do Arthropods reproduce?
Sexual, internal for Terrestrial and internal or external for Aquatic
58
Arthropods exoskeletons do ___ as the animal grows so they undergo ___
- Not grow
- Molting
59
What is molting
When an arthropod sheds its exoskeleton and builds a larger one to replace the shedded one
60
What is the Class chilopoda in the Arthropod Phylum
Centpedes
61
Characteristics of centipedes
- Annelid-like
- Repeating sections
- Body segments only have one pair of legs
62
Setae are modified for what only?
To crude appendages, in specialized mouth parts
63
What is class Diplopoda
Millipedes
64
What are some characteristics of millipedes
- Also similar to annelids, except they have an exoskeleton
- Unspecialized appendages
- Body segments have two pairs of legs
65
What are the characteristics of the class crustacea
- Have fused head and thorax (Cephalothorax)
- Major increase in segment specialization and specialized appendages
- Good sense organs and behavior
66
What is included in the class Arachnida
Spiders scorpions, ticks, and mites
67
Characteristics of arachnids
- Fused cephalothorax
- 4 Extra pairs of legs
- Book lungs
- All predators or parasites
68
How much of the total population is class insecta?
65%-70%
69
What is included in the class insecta
Grasshoppers
70
Characteristics of the class insecta
- Three separate body regions
- Only invertebrate capable of flight
71
What do Insecta use for respiration?
Tracheal tubes
72
hat do insecta use for excretion
Malpighian tubules
73
Study 52
Study 52
74
What does the word "Mollusk" mean?
Soft
75
Mollusks typically have an ___ or ___ shell
- Internal
- External
76
What is the commons ancestor of Mollusks?
Annelids
77
Why are Annelids the common ancestor of Mollusks?
Because of their larval stage
78
What are some examples of Mollusks?
- Snails
- Slugs
- Clams
- Squids
- Octopi
79
Mollusks are the ___ phyla in the ___
- Second largest
- Animalia kingdom
80
What are the three defining characteristics of Mollusks?
- Large ventral muscular foot
- Visceral mass located dorsal to the foot
- Mantle covering visceral mas
81
What is a Mollusks mantle?
A tissue layer that cover the majority of the mollusks body
82
What is the body plan of a Mollusk?
- Muscular foot
- Mantle
83
What are all of the forms of a Mollusks muscular foot?
- Flat structure
- Spade shape
- Tentacle shape
84
What is the purpose of a flat shaped muscular foot?
Crawling
85
What is the purpose of the spade shaped foot?
Burrowing
86
What is the purpose of the tentacle shaped foot?
Capturing prey
87
What is a visceral mass?
Something below the mantle that has the internal organs
88
What is a mollusks shell made by?
Glands that secrete calcium carbonate
89
What has happened to mollusks that do not have a shell?
Their shells have been reduced or lost
90
What are some ways mollusks feed?
- Carnivore feeding
- Filter feeding
- Detrivore feeding
- Parasitic feeding
91
Some mollusks, like snails and slugs have a ___
- Radula
92
What is a radula
A tounge shaped structure that has hundreds of tiny teeth attached
93
What do some octopi produce to help them feed?
Poison
94
How do Aquatic mollusks respirate?
By using gills inside their mantle cavity
95
Do mollusks have an open or closed circulatory system?
Either or
96
How are oxygen and nutrients transported around a mollusk?
By a circulatory system
97
How do open circulatory systems in mollusks work?
Blood is pumped by a simple heart through blood vessels into a large sinus
98
Why do open circulatory systems work well with slow moving mollusks?
Because they don't require a lot of oxygen
99
Why do faster moving mollusks require a closed circulatory system?
Because they need more oxygen
100
How does excretion with mollusks work?
- Body cells release nitrogen containing waste into blood to make ammonia
- Tube shaped nephridia remove ammonia and release it out of the body
101
What are some interesting things about octopi?
- They have a complex nervous system
- Well developed brain makes them more intelligent than most vertebrates
- Can open jars
102
How do Octopi move?
By drawing water into their mantle via jet propulsion
103
How do mollusks, like snails, move?
By secreting a mucus at the base of their foot
104
How do snails and two-shelled mollusks reproduce?
Sexually, by internal fertilization
105
How do tentacle mollusks and some snails reproduce?
It happens inside the female (can be hermaphroditic)
106
What does gastropoda mean?
Stomach foot
107
Class gastropoda is the ___ of the mollusk phylum
Largest class
108
Where do organisms in the class gastropoda live?
Fresh, saltwater, and land
109
Characteristics of class gastropoda
- Contains single spiral shell
- Well-developed senses
110
What is an animal in the class gastropoda
- Snails
- Slugs
- Nudibranchs
111
Characteristics of the Class Bivalvia
- 2 hinged shells
112
How does the class Bivalvia feed
By filter feeding
113
What does the class Bivalvia use their gills for?
- Respiration
- Filter feeding
114
What is included in the class Bivalvia?
- Clams
- Oysters
- Scallops
- Muscles
115
What is included in the class CEPHALOPODA
- Squids
- Octopi
116
Class CEPHALOPODA is ___
- The most highly eveloves invertebrates
117
Characteristics of class CEPHALOPODA
- Complex eyes
- Capable of learning
- Motile predators
- Shell greatly reduced
118
What is included in the class Cephalopoda?
- Cuttlefish
- Nautilus
119
The phylum Echinodermata is also known as the ___
- "Spiny skinned animals"
120
Characteristics of the phylum Echinodermata
- Exclusively marine
- Semi flexible endoskeleton of calcarious plates
- Have pentaradial symmetry
121
What is pentaradial symmetry?
Means that all structures are in fives
122
Example of something with Pentaradial symmetry
Sand dollar
123
How does the phylum Equinodermos reproduce?
Mostly sexual, but can regenerate
124
The phylum Equinodermos has a unique system called ___
Water vascular
125
What is water vascular
Something that is used for movement, feeding, and respiration
126
What are the five classes of the phylum Equinodermos
- Asteroidea
- Echinoidea
- Holothuroidea
- Ophiuroidea
- Crinoidea
127
What is an animal in the class Asteroidea?
Starfish
128
Three things about starfish
- Flattened body
- Pentaradial symmetry
- Mostly carnivorous
- Good regeneration powers
129
What is an animal in the class Echinoidea
- Sea urchin
- Hedgehog
130
Body plan of the class Echinoidea
- Oval shaped body
- Sharp calcareous material that make up their spines
- Arms are absent
131
The class Echinoidea are mostly ___ when it comes to feeding
Detritivores
132
What is included in Class Holothuroidea?
- Sea cucumbers
133
Body plan of the Class Holothuroidea
- Long and cylindrical
- Arms absent
134
Class Holothuroidea are ___ feeders
- Detritus
135
What is the Greek root for Class Asteroidea's ame?
"asteroeides" - Starlike
136
What is the greek root for Class Echinoidea's name?
"ekhinos" - spine
137
What is the greek root for ekhinos name?
"holothurum" - sedentary marine animal
138
What is the Greek root for Class Ophiuroidea's name?
"ophis", snake + Greek "oura", tail
139
What is the body plan for Class Ophiuroidea
- Penta-radial symmetry
- Long slender arms
140
When it comes to feeding Class Ophiuroidea are mostly ___ feeders
Detritivores or filter
141
Animals included in Class Ophiuroidea
- Brittle star
- Basket star
142
What is the greek root for Class Crinoidea's name
"krinon" - Lily
143
Physical traits for Class Crinoidea
- Long feathery arms
144
When it comes to feeding, Class Crinoidea are mostly ___
- Filter feeders
145
Animals included in Class Crinoidea
- Feather star
- Sea lillies
146
147
Why are insects successful?
Because they have a protective shell or exoskeleton, they are small, and can fly
148
7 ways that crawfish and grasshoppers are similar
- Jointed legs
- Segmented bodies
- Compound eyes
- Digestive system in body cavity
- Open circulatory system
- Bilateral Symmetry
- Both eat vegitiation
149
How are grasshoppers and crawfish different
- Different number and segments in their bodies
- Different numbers of legs
- Different number of antennae
150
What are coastal clan gardens
A form of mariculture, where first nations created supportive and optimal habitats for class by modifying beaches
151
What was one thing that clam gardens provided?
Food security year-round
