Bio 110 Lab 5

Question 1

Any model is a representation of reality, based on:

Answer 1

Knowledge obtained through X-ray crystallography or other studies.

Question 2

Number of holes represents:

Answer 2

The number of valance electrons available for bonding.

Question 3

A molecule will not be (???) until all of it’s holes are (???).

Answer 3

Complete

Filled

Question 4

The models we worked with do not give

Answer 4

Accurate Scale

Question 5

Black represented:

Answer 5

Carbon

Question 6

Orange represented:

Answer 6

R Groups

Question 7

Red represented:

Answer 7

Oxygen

Question 8

Blue represented:

Answer 8

Nitrogen

Question 9

Yellow represented:

Answer 9

Hydrogen

Question 10

The 4 classes of macromolecules are:

Answer 10

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and amino acids.

Question 11

All cells are made up of:

Answer 11

Macromolecules.

Question 12

A polar molecule is one with a:

Answer 12

Positive region and a negative region.

Question 13

A polar molecule occurs due to:

Answer 13

Electronegativity.

Question 14

Electronegativity

Answer 14

The tendency of an atom to pull electrons to itself.

Question 15

An electronegative atom will steal electrons, and will:

The other atoms will:

Answer 15

gain a partially negative charge.

be left with a partially positive charge.

Question 16

A Compound with an electronegative atom such as (??? X3) will most likely be:

Answer 16

Oxygen, nitrogen, or phosphorus

Polar.

Question 17

An extremely large molecule with only one electronegative atom will most likely be:

Answer 17

Nonpolar.

Question 18

Polar molecules are hydro—- and will or will not dissolve in water?

Answer 18

hydrophilic

will dissolve.

Question 19

In a water molecule which end is positive and which is negative?

Answer 19

Oxygen is negative, hydrogen is positive.

Question 20

Hydrocarbons

Answer 20

Molecules made up of only carbon and hydrogens with covalent bonds.

Question 21

Hydrocarbons make up the…

Answer 21

backbones for more complex organic molecules.

Question 22

Organic molecules are…

Answer 22

those containing carbon and usually hydrogen.

Question 23

Double bonds make an atom…

Answer 23

more stable.

Question 24

Proteins are macromolecules composed of…

Answer 24

Amino acids joined with peptide bonds.

Question 25

Amino acids are also called

Answer 25

peptides.

Question 26

Peptide bonds are formed by

Answer 26

dehydration reactions (condensation reactions).

Question 27

Enzymes are make of ----- and do ----- of a cell.

Answer 27

proteins, all the work

Question 28

Functions of proteins include...

Answer 28

protection (skin, hair, nails) movement (muscles) transport of molecules (hemoglobin) immunity (antibodies)

Question 29

Amino acids consist of...

Answer 29

A central carbon (alpha carbon) with a hydogen an amino group a carboxyl group and an R group

Question 30

An amino group is (formula)...

Answer 30

NH2 or +NH3 (ionized)

Question 31

A carboxyl group is (formula)...

Answer 31

COOH or COO (one - ionized)

Question 32

2 joined amino acids form a

Answer 32

dipeptide. (and a water by dehydration)

Question 33

A starch is a...

Answer 33

complex carbohydrate.

Question 34

Complex carbohydrates are composed of...

Answer 34

hundreds of simple sugars.

Question 35

Glucose is...

Answer 35

a simple sugar, used as an energy source.

Question 36

Complex carbohydrates are used for...

Answer 36

storage or structural components.

Question 37

Examples of complex carbohydrates...

Answer 37

Starch in the root of potatoes Cellulose in plants mucus in humans

Question 38

In the absence of water, glucose will be...

Answer 38

a straight chain.

Question 39

In water straight chain sugars form...

Answer 39

rings.

Question 40

Sucrose is...

Answer 40

table sugar.

Question 41

Fructose is from...

Answer 41

fruit.

Question 42

Nucleotides are

Answer 42

the subunits of DNA and RNA.

Question 43

DNA and RNA are both

Answer 43

nucleic acids.

Question 44

DNA carries

Answer 44

information from parents to offspring and the molecule that tells a living thing what to be.

Question 45

RNA is for

Answer 45

temporary information storage.

Question 46

DNA is found in

Answer 46

the nucleus.

Question 47

RNA is found in

Answer 47

the nucleus or with ribosomes on the rough ER.

Question 48

Ribose has what compared to deoxyribose?

Answer 48

One extra oxygen atom, resulting in a hydroxyl group.

Question 49

Lipids come in the form of

Answer 49

steroids, phospholipids, fats and oils.

Question 50

Steroids are

Answer 50

chemical messengers of the body composed of 4 fused rings.

Question 51

Phospholipids make

Answer 51

membranes composed of Glycerol, 2 fatty acids and phosphate.

Question 52

The subunits of fats and oils are

Answer 52

3 fatty acids and one glycerol head group.

Question 53

Fats are

Answer 53

energy storage.

Question 54

Adipose tissue

Answer 54

specialized fat cells where humans store fat. (waist, under eyes, thighs)

Question 55

Waxy nature of some plants is due to...

Answer 55

lipids and will help retain water, or make it difficult for insects to eat the leaves.

Question 56

Saturated fatty acids...

Answer 56

solid at room temperature; long hydrocarbon made with only single bonds; impossible to add anymore hydrogen.

Question 57

Oils are...

Answer 57

liquid at room temperature, unsaturated fatty acids, have double bonds, so more hydrogens could be added.

Question 58

The head of a phospholipid is

Answer 58

Polar.