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chem exam 2 > BIO 111 EXAM 2 > Flashcards

BIO 111 EXAM 2 Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

the breakdown of glucose to ethanol in yeast cells is referred to as:

A

fermentation

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2
Q

during winemaking, why does the ethanol content only reach 12-14% even when glucose abundant

A

excess ethanol becomes toxic to the yeast

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3
Q

animals can only use oxygen as the final electron acceptor in electron transport chain..T/F

A

true- cant be anaerobic

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4
Q

a photoautotroph is an organism that

A

uses light energy to make organic molecules “from scratch” (that is, from inorganic molecules)

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5
Q

the carbon that is found in a plant is added to the plant from

A

the carbon dioxide it “breathes”

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6
Q

carbon dioxide is reduced to form glucose in photosynthetic organism….T/F

A

true

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7
Q

where is the photosynthetic electron transport chain of plants located?

A

the thylakoid membrane

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8
Q

in the PH of the different compartments of the chloroplast were to be measured during electron transport, which compartment would be the most acid?

A

the thylakoid lumen

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9
Q

what is the source of extracellular matric (ECM) in animals?

A

it is produced by cells in the animal body

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10
Q

a glycosaminoglycan is a

A

polysaccharide

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11
Q

the major constituents of the ECM of animals are

A

polysaccarides and proteins

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12
Q

structural proteins make up

A

collagen + elastic fibers

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13
Q

all types of collagen fibers are made in all cells of the body?…T/F

A

false

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14
Q

the primary cell wall of plants is composed mainly of ____, the secondary cell wall may contain _____

A

celulose; lignon

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15
Q

cells from malignant tumors often break free from the tumor, to initiate a process called invasion. in order for a cancer cell to lose its attraction to other cells, which type of protein must lose its function

A

cadherin

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16
Q

which type of junction prevents leakage of acidic stomach contents across the epithelium in the stomach?

A

tight junctions

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17
Q

a gap function in animals has the same function as ___ in plants

A

plasmodesmata

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18
Q

which f the following structure found in plants epidermis serves as a function similar to that of the anchoring junctions in animal epithelium

A

middle lamella

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19
Q

which cell junction types are found in animals?

A

anchoring, tight and gap junctions

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20
Q

during what stage of cellular respiration is the most ATP synthesized?

A

oxidative phosphorylation

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21
Q

what role does O2 play in aerobic respiration

A

it is the final electron acceptor at the end of electron transport chain

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22
Q

which of the following is an example of cellular respiration?

A

all of the above: breakdown of glucose, fats, and proteins

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23
Q

place the following steps of cellular respiration in the proper order

A
  1. glycolysis
  2. breakdown of pyruvate
  3. citric acid cycle
  4. oxidative phosphorylation
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24
Q

check all of the following organisms that carry out cellular respiration

A

corn plant, human, bacterium, yeast

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25
NADH is produced during:
glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
26
what drives the production of ATP during oxidative phosphorylation?
chemiosmosis, electrochemical gradient, oxidation of NADH + FADH, and ATP synthase
27
why is maximal amount of ATP that can be made by oxidative phosphorylation rarely achieved?
mitochondrion may use some of H+ electrochemical gradient for other purposes. some NADH and FADH are used for anabolic pathways
28
NADH is a high energy molecule. why can too much be a bad thing?
excess NADH can deplete NAD+ required by glycolysis, can promote the formation of free radicals, and can damage DNA + proteins
29
glycolysis produces ATP by which of the following?
substrate-level phosphorylation
30
german physiologist otto warburg discovered that cancer cells preferentially use:
glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation for ATP production because the internal regions of a tumor can be hypoxic
31
cytochromes involved in electron transport and H+ pumping in both chloroplasts and mitochondria are derived from same ancestral gene....T/F
true
32
the enhancement effect occurs because:
different wavelengths of light activate different pigments in PSI and PSII
33
in the Z scheme for electron activation
an electron absorbs light energy twice and loses energy as it flows along the electron transport chain
34
which enzyme is responsible for the initial fixation of carbon in calvin cycle?
rubisco
35
the steps in the calvin cycle were determined by
isotope labeling and chromatography
36
how does a yeast cell adapt to the presence of glucose in its environment
by increasing the number of glucose transporters
37
the phenomenon of plants growing towards light is the result of a signal being transmitted from cell to wall...T/F
true
38
the three stages of cell signaling in order of occurrence are
receptor activation, signal transduction, cellular response
39
which of the following is an anchoring junction?
desmosome
40
the max size of substances that can pass through gap junction is
1000 daltons
41
which of the following is not a tissue type of plants?
connective | 3 types: vascular, dermal, group
42
blood is a type of ___ tissue in animals
connective
43
an ECM is a characteristic of ___ tissue in animals
connective
44
a __ is a group of cells that have a similar structure + function
tissue
45
which of the following is not a process that creates tissues + organs
integrin fusion -apotosis, cell growth, cell division, migration
46
____tissues serve as protective coverings for animal bodies
epithelial
47
glycolysis occurs only in aerobic conditions
false
48
place the following steps of glycolysis in order
1. glucose 2. fructose-1,6-biphosphate 3. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate 4. pyruvate
49
glycolysis occurs in the ___, and the citric acid cycle occurs in the ___
cytosol; mitochondrial matrix
50
what substance is produced by the oxidation of pyruvate and feeds into the citric acid cycle?
acetyl-CoA
51
the citric acid cycle starts and ends with 4 carbon molecule:
oxaioacetate
52
CoA is oxidized during the citric acid cycle...T/F
false
53
what role does O2 play in aerobic respiration?
it is the final electron acceptor at end of electron transport chain
54
fats are broken down into___
glycerol and fatty acids
55
___ regulates oxygen whereas ___ can operate in an environmental lacking
aerobic respiration; anaerobic respiration
56
under anaerobic conditions, what happens to NADH in our muscle cells?
it gives up electrons to pyruvate, w formation of lactic acid
57
which of the following would not be an example of anaerobic respiration
a mouse using oxidative phosphorylation
58
which of the following applies to the binding of ligands to its receptor?
specific
59
which of following molecules is most likely to bind to an intracellular receptor?
estrogen( a steroid hormone)
60
which of the following is not a cell surface receptor?
MAP kinase - enzyme-linned receptor - G-protein coupled receptor - ligand gated ion channel
61
___ allow ions to flow through the plasma membrane
ligand-gated ion channels
62
what to cAMP, Ca2+, DAG, IP5 have in common?
they are all second messengers
63
which modification is involved in the EGF pathway?
phosphorylation of proteins in the pathway
64
signaling that is involved in secondary messengers is
of short duration
65
why can one cell in your body respond to a hormone but another cell in your body cannot?
because the non-responsive cell that doesn't express the receptor
66
a beib is
a small cell fragment that breaks away as a cell destroys itself
67
in experiments investigated apoptosis in the adrenal gland; ___ led to increases in the rate of apoptosis
prednisolone
68
apoptosis only plays an important roles in adult organisms..T/F
false * apoptosis is involved embroyonic development
69
the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis
may be stimulated by DNA damage

chem exam 2 (3 decks)

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