Bio Flashcards
What is the Nucleolus
The nucleolus is a structure in the nucleus that synthesizes ribosomes RNA (rRNA). It appears as a large dark spot in the nucleus
What is a mitochondria
The mitochondria is a double membraned organelle with structures in its inner membrane that allow it to generate ATP
What does it mean that mitochondria are semi-autonomous
It means that mitochondria can do a couple of functions on their own independently from the cell.
What is the function of the mitochondria’s outer membrane?
The mitochondria outer membrane serves as a selective barrier between the cytosol and the inner environment of the mitochondria
What are cristae?
Cristae are the infoldings of the inner mitochondria membrane. These foldings increase the surface area available for electron transport chain enzymes
What is the mitochondria matrix?
The mitochondria matrix is the space inside the mitochondrion’s inner membrane
What is the intermembrane space?
The space between the outer and inner membrane of the mitochondrion
What are the two functions of the mitochondria
- The mitochondria produce useful chemical energy in the form of ATP through the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain
- Mitochondria can induce apoptosis by releasing electron transport chain enzymes
What is apoptosis?
Apoptosis is intentional cell death. This is a cell dying because it was told to die and it listened, not because it was just randomly killed
What are lysosomes ?
Lysosomes are membrane bound structures containing hydrolytic enzymes. They are found floating in the cell’s cytoplasm
What is the function of lysosomes
To digest both foreign material that has been brought into the cell and damaged or unneeded organelle
How does a lysosome digest something?
The lysosome will fuse its membrane with the carrier, inject its hydrolytic enzymes into the new macro structure
What is an endosome
An endosome is an endocytic vesicle that pinches off from the membrane during endocytosis
What are the three places an endosome can transport material too
To and from the plasma membrane
To the Lysosomes
To the transgolgi
What happens if a lysosome releases its enzymes
If a lysosome releases its enzymes, the enzymes will break down the cell. Call autolysis