BIO

Question 1

Carbohydrates are also called

Answer 1

saccharides

Question 2

are molecular compounds made from just three elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Answer 2

Carbohydrates

Question 3

Carbohydrates are molecular compounds made from just three elements, what are these?

Answer 3

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 4

are the most abundant biomolecules in the world

Answer 4

Carbohydrates

Question 5

Empirical Formula of Carbohydrates

Answer 5

CH2O

Question 6

Carbohydrates act as a ______ energy source in the world

Answer 6

Primary

Question 7

refers to the isomers having the same molecular formula and the same structural formula but differ in the spatial arrangement of the atoms in the molecule.

Answer 7

Stereoisomerism or Stereoisomers

Question 8

two types of Stereoisomers;

Answer 8

Diastereomers
Enantiomers

Question 9

non-superimposable but not mirror images of one another

Answer 9

Diastereomers

Question 10

non-superimposable mirror images of one another

Answer 10

Enantiomers

Question 11

refers to the carbon atom that determines if a sugar is D or L.

Answer 11

penultimate carbon atom

Question 12

is an effect of an optical isomer’s interaction with plane-polarized light.

Answer 12

Optical Activity

Question 13

stereoisomers with differing chiral center structures

Answer 13

Diastereomers

Question 14

refers to the spatial configuration related to the first carbon in aldoses and the second carbon in ketoses.

Answer 14

Anomerism

Question 15

Carbohydrates are the chief source of energy. True or False

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Carbohydrates provide energy storage. True or False

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Carbohydrates are classified into three subtypes

Answer 17

monosaccharides
disaccharides
polysaccharides

Question 18

simple sugars, the most common of which is glucose

Answer 18

Monosaccharides

Question 19

form when two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration reaction

Answer 19

Disaccharides

Question 20

reaction in which the removal of a water molecule occurs

Answer 20

dehydration

Question 21

Common disaccharides include

Answer 21

lactose, maltose, and sucrose

Question 22

is the stored form of sugars in plants and is made up of amylose and amylopectin

Answer 22

starch

Question 23

is the storage form of glucose in humans and other vertebrates, and is made up of
monomers of glucose

Answer 23

glycogen

Question 24

is one of the most abundant natural biopolymers

Answer 24

cellulose

Question 25

are hydrophobic (“water-fearing”), or insoluble in water, because they are nonpolar molecules.

Answer 25

Lipids

Question 26

During this covalent bond formation, three water molecules are released. The three fatty acids in the fat may be similar or dissimilar. These fats are also called

Answer 26

Triglyceride

Question 27

are the major constituents of the plasma membrane

Answer 27

phospholipids

Question 28

are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules

Answer 28

proteins

Question 29

are produced by living cells, are catalysts in biochemical reactions (like digestion) and are usually proteins

Answer 29

enzymes

Question 30

are chemical signaling molecules, usually proteins or steroids, secreted by an endocrine gland or group of endocrine cells that act to control or regulate specific physiological processes

Answer 30

hormone

Question 31

are the monomers that make up proteins

Answer 31

amino acids

Question 32

is technically a polymer of amino acids,

Answer 32

polypeptide

Question 33

is an important component of the molecular machinery that harvests energy from glucose.

Answer 33

Cytochrome c

Question 34

are key macromolecules in the continuity of life. They carry the genetic blueprint of a cell and carry instructions for the functioning of the cell.

Answer 34

Nucleic Acids

Question 35

two main types of nucleic acids

Answer 35

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).

Question 36

is the genetic material found in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals

Answer 36

DNA

Question 37

type of nucleic acid that is mostly involved in protein synthesis

Answer 37

RNA

Question 38

DNA and RNA are made up of monomers known as

Answer 38

Nucleotides

Question 39

A series of chemical reactions in the body that converts food into energy

Answer 39

metabolism

Question 40

This process involves the breakdown of molecules to release energy

Answer 40

catabolism

Question 41

means building things or substances in the body

Answer 41

anabolism

Question 42

basically proteins that are produced by living organisms to bring about certain metabolic and biochemical reactions in the body

Answer 42

enzymes

Question 43

Enzymes usually end in "ase" true or false

Answer 43

true

Question 44

Components of an Enzyme

Answer 44

Apoenzyme/Apoprotein cofactors holoenzyme

Question 45

are those enzymes which require an organic or inorganic cofactor to perform their specific functions but do not have one bound.

Answer 45

apoenzyme

Question 46

are either one or more inorganic or a complex organic or metalloorganic , non-protein chemical compounds that assist in the biochemical transformation of an Apoenzyme

Answer 46

cofactors

Question 47

Types of Cofactors

Answer 47

Metal ion activators coenzyme Prosthetic cofactors

Question 48

not permanently bound to apoenzyme

Answer 48

Metal Ion activators

Question 49

are organic molecules that usually come from the vitamins that you take in every day

Answer 49

coenzyme

Question 50

can be either metal ions or organic molecules

Answer 50

prosthetic molecules

Question 51

is the combination Apoenzyme & Cofactor that activated complex of an enzyme for a specific catalytic action

Answer 51

holoenzyme

Question 52

is a theory that explains the binding of a substrate into an active site of an enzyme that does not have a correct conformation with that of the active site.

Answer 52

induced fit hypothesis