Bio 17 - Fat Soluble Vitamins, Antioxidants Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are the fat-soluble vitamins?
D.A.E.K.
What is another name for Vitamin D2? Where does it come from?
Ergocalciferol. The ingested type of vitamin from plants.
What is another name for Cholecalciferol? Where does it come from?
Vitamin D3. It is added to the milk we drink and synthesized by the skin when exposed to sunlight.
What is the physiological active type of vitamin D?
1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol.
What does Vitamin D do in the intestines?
Increases calcium uptake by increasing the expression of calcium-binding proteins, and increases the uptake of phosphate and magnesium.
What are 4 ways to be vitamin D deficient?
Inadequate dietary vitamin D. Impaired hydroxylation (by liver) to make 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Impaired hydroxylation (by kidneys) to make 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. End organ insensitivity to vitamin D.
What are the symptoms of Vitamin D deficiency?
Rickets (children). Osteomalacia (adults).
What are the causes of Vitamin D toxicity?
Too much vitamin D supp. Sarcoidosis (increase in the conversion of 25-OH D3 to 1,25-(OH)2 D3.
What is the role of Vitamin K?
Post-translational modification of various clotting factors [DiSCo started in 10-972]; Protein C and S, Prothrombin, Clotting factors II, VII, IX, X.
What is the relationship between vitamin K and newborns?
Newborns have a sterile gut, therefore do not have the appropriate intestinal flora to produce vitamin K. They must receive a single IM dose of vitamin K at birth.
What is the mechanism of action of Coumadin?
Vitamin K antagonist.
What medications might cause vitamin K deficiency?
Coumadin. Anticonvulsants (phenytoin). Antibiotics.
What are four forms of Vitamin A that is used in the body?
Retinol. Retinal. Beta-carotene. Retinoic acid.
What type of Vitamin A do we use for mild to moderate acne? To severe acne?
Mild use tretinoin. Severe use Isotretinoin.
What are three disease we can use Vitamin A for treatment?
Acne. Measles. AML (M3 subtype).
What are the symptoms Vitamin A deficiency?
Night blindness. Xerophthalmia. Keratomalacia. Bitot spots.
What are the symptoms of Vitamin A toxicity?
Headache. N/V. Stupor. Increase in ICP. Dry and pruritic skin. Hepatomegaly. +/- cirrhosis. Bone and join pain. Alopecia.
What is another name for Vitamin E? What does it do?
Alpha-tocopherol. Antioxidant, prevents non-enzymatic oxidation of cell components by oxygen-free radicals.
What are the symptoms of Vitamin E deficiency?
Hemolytic anemia. Spinocerebellar degeneration resulting in ataxia. Peripheral neuropathy and proximal muscle weakness.
What does Vitamin C do?
Required for hydroxylation of prolyl and lysyl residues of collagen. Required for dopamine Beta-hydroxylase. Antioxidant. Facilitate iron absorption in the gut.
What are the symptoms of vitamin C deficiency?
Sores, spongy gums. Loose teeth. Fragile blood vessels. Hemarthrosis. Impaired wound healing. Anemia.
What vitamins in excess can cause hypercalcemia?
Vitamin D.
Vitamin C is necessary for the hydroxylation of which amino acids in collagen synthesis?
Proline. Lysine.
RFF: Treatment of choice for rickets or osteomalacia.
Vitamin D.
